324 The Scottish Naturalist. 



I., 65). Dr. F. Loew has pointed out to me that this 

 midge is said not to distort the head ; and suggested that 

 the distortion is perhaps due to mites. Of the latter, 

 however, I have seen no trace in the galls, and I cannot 

 but regard the midge-larvae as the gall-makers. The 

 galls occur in Orkney, Sutherland, Caithness, Moray, 

 Aberdeen, Kincardine, Forfar, and Perth. 



Sonchus arvensis (Field Sowthistle). On this species I found 

 leaf-galls in August, 1886, near Gamrie, in Banffshire, 

 and, in 1887, at Muchalls. Usually from six to 

 twelve or more occur on each leaf. They are low cones 

 or blistergalls, the cavity being formed by a separation 

 of the lower epiderm from the cellular tissues of the 

 middle of the leaf. Looked at from the surface the 

 galls are round, pale yellow-green or purplish, surrounded 

 by a broad red purple ring. Each gall is tenanted by 

 one larva of Cecidomyia Sonchi F.Loew, which pupates 

 in the gall. I believe that these galls have not yet been 

 recorded from any other localities in Britain, though they 

 are not rare in France and Germany. 



Kypochaeris radicata (Cat's Ear) is galled by a Trypeta. 

 The gall is an ovary, which becomes globular, 3 mm. 

 diam., brown, longitudinally ridged, with thin woody 

 walls. I have occasionally found the gall on Old Aber- 

 deen Links. (T.S.N., IV., 16 ; T.A., L, 65.) 



Hieracium corymbosum. I have but seldom found an 

 ovary swollen and woody (as in Centaur ea nigra), in a 

 flower-head unaltered externally. The gall is oval and 

 bears four blunt longitudinal ridges, with lower ones 

 between ; it is about 4 by 3 mm. (J by J inch) ; the 

 surface is hairy. Each gall is occupied by a larva of 

 Trypeta. Near Banchory. (T.S.N., IV., 16; T.A., I., 66). 



H. Pilosella has the margins of the leaves involutely rolled, with 

 the inner surface of the tube lined with pale hairs, about 

 j\ mm. (~^ inch) long. Mr. Binnie has found this gall 

 near Glasgow ; and reared a male midge which he 

 named, as new, C. Filoselle, and described (B.II., 179). 

 The gall is very much like a mitegall found near Aber- 

 deen 



