HA R D IV I CKE'S S CI EN CE - G OS SI P. 



J 47 



The pupre of Cymatophora fluctuosa is enclosed in 

 a slight cocoon among the fallen leaves at the Toot 

 of birch-trees. Notodonta dictaoidcs and Notodonta 

 dromedurius are other species we may look out for in 

 the same locality. They both attach their slightly 

 made cocoons to the under side of leaves ; of the 

 two last named, dictaeoides is somewhat the largest. 

 Notodonta Caw din a and Amphydasis betularia are 

 also pupas we may expect to turn up under birch- 

 trees. Camelina also occurs at the foot of maple and 

 oak, and betularia beneath lime and oak trees ; I 

 have also dug it up under willow. 



Other pupae the trowel may be expected to turn up 

 in October are the following : — 



Smcrinthns Populi. Rough ; muddy brown. Near 

 poplar-trees, also sometimes in gardens under laurel 

 bushes. 



Smerinthus Tiliu. Rough ; dull red. At foot of 

 lime and elm. 



Sphinx Convolvuli. Smooth, with beak in front. 

 Sphinx Lignstri. Smooth dark brown, with curved 

 beak-like proboscis in front. Under lilac- trees and 

 privet hedges. 



Deilephila Euphorbia:. — Pale brown, delicately 

 reticulated with black lines and dots. In loose sand 

 on the sea coast. 



D. Galii.— Brown. In sand on sea coast near 

 Deal. 



Biston hirlaria. — Blackish ; somewhat dumpy. 

 At roots of lime-trees ; also pear and plum. 



The following are among the non-subterranean 

 species : 



Arctia mendica. — Brown, smooth. In a dark- 

 coloured cocoon among rubbish where dock abounds. 

 A. lubricipeda and A. mcnthastri. — Dark brown. 

 In cocoons under rubbish. 



A. itrtica. — Dark coloured. In a slight cocoon 

 among water mint and other plants by the side of 

 wet ditches. 



Orgyia pudibunda. — In a cocoon among oak, 

 lime, hazel, maple, and other trees. 



Dcmas coryli. — In a slight web under moss at the 

 foot of beech-trees. 



Pa~cilocampa Populi. — Brown. In a black, oval 

 very compact cocoon, under bark, or ash, or poplar. 

 Sometimes among dead leaves at the foot. 



Eriogaster lacustris. — In a small oval compact 

 cocoon under hawthorn. 



Bombyx Rubi. — Smooth, dark brown ; in a long 

 loose cocoon with intermingled hairs. Among 

 bramble and heath. 



Satitrnia carpini. — In a curious pear-shaped co- 

 coon, open at one end, among heath, blackthorn, &c. 

 Ellopia fasciaria. — Among the dead needles at 

 roots of Scotch fir. End of October. 



Eurymene dolobraria. — Under moss on beech or 

 oak. 



Odontopera bidentata. — Under moss on oak and 

 other trees. End of October. 



Ephyra omicronaria. — Green. In a very slight 

 cocoon in moss on maple-trees. 



Platypleryx falcula. — In a slight web inside a 

 doubled up birch leaf. 



P. unguicula. — Brown, with greenish wing cases. 

 Among beech leaves in a slight web. 



Dicranura bicuspis. — In a compact gummy cocoon 

 on the bark of alder-trees, generally in the crevices 

 half-way down the tree on the north side. 



D.furcula. — In a glutinous cocoon on the bark of 

 sallow ; generally very low down. 



D. bifida. — In a very tough and strong cocoon oh 

 aspen bark. It gnaws a cavity in the bark, and fills 

 the depression up with the cocoon, so that it is very 

 difficult to find it. 



Clostera curtula.- — Dark brown, rounded at end. 

 Between united aspen leaves. 



Clostera reclusa. — In a slight cocoon uniting sallow 

 leaves. 



Gonophora derasa. — Conical, terminating in a horn- 

 like point. Within united bramble leaves. 



Thyatira bails. — Blackish ; with stout thorax and* 

 sharp pointed extremity. In a slight cocoon among 

 bramble leaves. 



Cymatophora fluctuosa. — In a slight cocoon among 

 birch leaves. 



C, Or. — Red brown. Between united poplar 

 leaves. 



Cambridge. 



ARTISTIC GEOLOGY. 



Ffestiniog and its Neighbourhood. 



By T. Mellard Reade, F.G.S., &c. 



\_Contimicd from p. 123.] 

 LLYN MORWYNION AND LLYNIAU GAMALT. 



SEVERAL excursions and wanderings over the 

 hills about these lakes will well repay the labour. 

 The strata are very much broken up by faults in the 

 immediate neighbourhood, which is well displayed on 

 the survey map. At Llyniau Gamalt is to be seen a 

 volcanic conglomerate, forming precipitous cliffs on 

 the eastern side. These lakes from the boggy nature 

 of the surrounding ground are not easily got at. 

 The rock is full of large boulders of felstone ; some 

 of them in shape like kidney potatoes. Thin bedded 

 ashes are interbedded with the conglomerate, and 

 a true plane surface I noticed of these showed such 

 regular jointing as to look like masonry. Following 

 the outlet stream we came upon a very pretty series 

 of falls which quite enchanted my boys. The re- 

 mainder of the distance was mostly bog-trotting 

 before we reached the main road. 



Waterfalls. — These are very numerous and beautiful 

 in the neighbourhood. The falls of the Cynfael within 

 a half-mile walk are lovely in their variety. For a 



H 2 



