276 NATURE-STUDY REVIEW (11:6— Sept., 1915 



between nearly every case of tuberculosis at the County Hospital 

 and the cheap lodging houses. Then arrangements were made 

 with the university for a broader housing campaign. It was 

 learned that the city had almost lost one new factory partially 

 because of bad housing. A direct connection was established be- 

 tween realty values and commercial profits on one side and clean 

 civic life upon another. 



The doctrine of the survival of the fittest was shown to apply 

 to the struggle for existence between cities just as between male 

 elephants in the jungle, or among plants on the arid desert border. 



As one expert followed another, as Sacramentans commenced to 

 learn new things about their own town, a volunteer was called for 

 to go to Europe to study, following Dr. Hegemann's recommenda- 

 tions, City Planning in 



ist, Certain Mediterranean Cities whose climate resembled 

 Sacramento's. 



2d, The wonderfully efficient city building, including schools, 

 of Germany, Denmark and Switzerland. 



The call was answered — the investigation made. Based upon 



these, the report was made that Teutonic, Scandanavian, Anglo 



Saxon Europe seemed as far ahead of California in nature study, 



particularly field excursions, as the Old World was behind America 



in the development of the playground and school social center. 



* * * 



Then there came new thoughts about the inter-dependence 

 between business and even education. Studies of German and 

 Swiss vocational schools showed how these countries, in raising 

 the standard of efficiency in the use of their greatest asset, — their 

 children, — had met and solved a problem which was also coming 

 to America. 



Along with this insight into European vocational training came 

 a new glimpse into the use of the nature study tramp, not only 

 as a means of inexpensive and at the same time highly gratifying 

 recreation -but, its value educationally — in turning out from its 

 schools a product better equipped for its battle with the world, 

 with clearness to see, to comprehend. 



The scientific training came to be understood as one of the great 

 causes why the German flag at that time was replacing the English 

 and the Americans in the harbor just across the Pacific — in China, 

 Japan and the Straits Settlements — why the red, white and black 



