GEOGRAPHICAL WORK OF 1874. 223 



tlie Quilla River, and found a country reminding him of Switzerland. 

 The west coast exj^editiou for the relief of Dr. Livingstone give an 

 interesting account of the region traversed. They found the natives 

 civilized but indolent, and their attention was being given to the cul- 

 tivation of the India-rubber tree, of the value of which the natives 

 were pi'eviously ignorant. On the east coast Mr. Stanley has organ- 

 ized an expedition from Zanzibar at the joint expense of the New 

 YorJc Herald and the London Telegraph, to explore the region last 

 visited by Dr. Livingstone. The French Marine and the Geographi- 

 cal Society will also send an expedition in the same direction. In 

 Australasia, Prof. J. B. Steere, of the Michigan University, has, dur- 

 ing a seven months' exploration in Formosa, gathered much valuable 

 information respecting the island and its people. Interesting explora- 

 tions have been made around New Guinea by H. M. S. Basilisk, and 

 in Australia several remarkable journeys have been made across the 

 country, through dreary regions and among natives in the lowest 

 scale of humanity. A census of the island of Ceylon has been taken 

 for the first time, and found to be 2,500,000; and in the course of the 

 year the Feejee Islands, 312 in number, and covering an area of 8,034 

 square miles, have been annexed to the kingdom of Great Britain. 

 The world is fully awake to the importance of geographical inquiry, 

 and its thirty-five geographical societies watch the jDrogress of the 

 lonely traveler and self-sacrificing missionary, estimating their labor 

 at its value, and welcoming every addition they make to the stock of 

 human knowledge. 



-- 



WOOD'S DISCOVERIES AT EPHESUS. 



EPHESUS, one of the twelve Ionian cities of Asia Minor, was 

 famous in antiquity as containing one of the seven wonders of 

 the world, the great temple of Artemis, or Diana. From very early 

 times Ephesus was a sacred city ; the fable ascribed its foundation to 

 the Amazons, and the Amazonian legend is connected with Artemis. 

 The first Ionian colonists in Lydia found the worship of the goddess 

 already established here in a primitive temple, which was soon super- 

 seded by a magnificent structure. This Grecian temple was seven 

 times restored, at the expense of all the Greek communities in Asia 

 Minor. In the year 356 b. c. it was burned to the ground, but again 

 rebuilt in a style of far greater splendor than before, the work ex- 

 tending over 200 years. This later temjile was 425 feet long and 220 

 feet wide. "The foundations were sunk deep in marshy ground, as 

 a precaution against earthquake," says Pliny. There were two rows 

 of columns at the sides, but the front and back porticoes consisted of 

 eight rows of columns, placed four deep. Outside, at the entrance 



