BATS AND THEIR YOUNG. 



649 



Fig. 5. 



Fig. (J. 



Fig. 7. 



Fig. 8. 



Fig. 9. 



Fig. 10. 



Embryo Bats. 



Fig. 11. 



All, excepting Fig. 11, enlarged 5 diameters. 



Explanation of Plate} 

 Pigs. 10 and 11 from the little brown bat ( Vespertilio siibulatus), the others from a Brazilian spe- 

 cies (NycHiiomm Brasiliemis) ; Fig. 11 and the smaller part of Fie. 5 are of natural size. All 

 the others are enlarged 5 diameters ; that is, 25 areas. The lettering is uniform, as follows: 

 u c, umbilical cord; not seen in 5 or 8. ff, head ; T, tail ; Ar, armus or anterior limb ; Pes, 

 foot ; P, poUex or thumb, the anterior digit of the manus ; Pr, primus or srreat-toe, the ante- 

 rior dactyl of the pes, which becomes the outer in the older bats, but is the inner with most 

 animals ; W, web, the fold of skin which connects the digits with each other and with the leg 

 and margin of the trunk; C, calcar, a spur-like process from the heel, serving to extend the 

 web which reaches between the legs and the tail ; Ear, the ear ; in Fig. 7 fl' is the heart ; in Pig. 

 10 A is the rounded prominence corresponding to the cerebral hemispheres which are developed 

 from the anterior cerebral vesicle; ^f represents the optic lobes, formed from the middle 

 vesicle ; N, nostril ; Mo, mouth ; S, elbow ; K, knee. For further explanation, see the text. 



* Figs. 5 to 11 were all drawn and engraved from nature by Mr. Pbilip Barnard, 



