MONKEYS FROM A COLD CLIMATE. 667 



of money. In this way be secured a number of birds and mam- 

 mals, of species that one would not have exjjected to find iu that 

 country. 



Among the interesting types discovered in Moupin, we must as- 

 sign the preeminence to a monkey with long hair and retrousse nose, 

 which Alphonse Milne-Edwards has described and figured under the 

 name of Rhinopithecus Roxelkmm. This species inhabits the moun- 

 tains in the western portion of Mouj^iu, as also the district of Yao- 

 tchy, and as far as Kokonor. Thus it lives in a region whei'e snow 

 remains on the ground during more than six months in the year. 

 According to the hunters, these monkeys are found in the woods, and 

 always in large troops. Usually, they remain on the tops of lofty 

 trees, and feed on the fruit and young shoots of the wild-bamboo. In 

 possessing no cheek-pouches for stowing away food, and in having 

 one tubercle only on the last molar tooth of the lower jaw, they re- 

 semble the Semnopitheci ; but yet they cannot be classed in the same 

 genus, since, both in anatomical structure and in external aspect, the 

 Moupin monkey presents certain peculiarities which entitle it to a spe- 

 cial position among simians. Thus, in the Semnopitheci., for instance in 

 the simpai, the entellus, and the budeng, or negro-monkey, the limbs 

 are disproportionately long as compared with the body ; the thumb 

 of the anterior hands is short and situated very far back; the tail is 

 long and slender ; while in the Moupin monkey the limbs are short 

 and very muscular, the body very strongly built, the tail tufted and 

 shorter in proportion than in the entellus. Besides these, there exist 

 several other characteristics which fully justify the making of a new 

 genus for this Moupin monkey. Thus, the anterior and posterior 

 limbs present no considerable disproportion, as is the case with many 

 of the Semnopitheci ; the upper arm-bone is very long, longer than 

 the forearm, and its circumference is much increased in its ai'ticular 

 portion ; the radius (one of the bones of the forearhi) presents a strong 

 curvature, with its convexity turned forward, the result being that 

 the interosseous space acquires an exceptionally lai'ge size; the hanl 

 is large and thick, instead of being long and slender, as in the simpai ; 

 but the thumb is quite' as rudimentary as in the latter species, and its 

 terminal joint barely extends below the extremity of the first meta- 

 carpal bone. The bones of the rest of the fingers are very much 

 bent, which enable the hand to grasp a branch very firmly. The 

 thigh-bone is stout and longer than the lai-ge bone of the leg. Finally, 

 the finger-bones of the posterior hands (feet) are short and bowed, 

 which circumstance gives to the palm the form of an arch, and the 

 thumb, instead of being almost atrophied, as in the anterior hands, 

 reaches to the extremity of the first phalange of the index-finger. 



The conformation of the head indicates an animal of higher intel- 

 ligence than the macaques and the Seninopitheci. Thus the face is 

 but weakly prognathous ; or, in other words, the lower jaw, compared 



