HOW THE EARTH WAS EXPLORED IN 1876. 565 



relief, in the sepulchre of the Necropolis of Saggarale, of the fifth 

 dynasty, upon which two pygmies are represented, having the features 

 of Dr. Schweinfurth's Akka. He says the pygmies of antiquity were 

 natives of Pun, which he indentifies with the modern Somali country. 

 The Phoenicians came from Pun, and were not an Asiatic race, and 

 near them dwelt a race of dwarfs called Bess, who still exist in the 

 Somali country." 



The district of Akem, in the north portion of Ashantee, has recently 

 been visited. The country is fertile, heavily wooded, well watered, 

 and highly auriferous. "The climate is humid throughout the year; 

 the men are capable of undergoing great fatigue, but are incorrigibly 

 idle, and the women do all the work. Among the men he found an 

 extraordinary growth or enlargement of the cheek-bones under the 

 eyes. It is in the form of horns on each side of the nose, and so long 

 that in some instances the man had to squint violently to see at all. 

 The growth begins in childhood. The skin is not broken, but stretches 

 over the horns like a glove. This phenomenon he thought peculiar to 

 the tribe in Akem, as he did not find it in any other. Photographs 

 of these horned men, it is said, have recently been received in Eng- 

 land." 



The circumnavigation of the Mwutan Nizigi (Albei-t Nyanza) is 

 the important event of the year in Africa, establishing the connection 

 between this lake and the Nile. It appears that the White Nile is 

 navigable the whole way from Dufli to the lake, a distance of 164 

 miles. About 100 miles from Dufli there is a large branch of the 

 river, extending north-northeast in the direction of the Nyam-Ny- 

 ams. The country east of the lake has also been explored, and a 

 chain of military posts established from Gondokoro to both Mwutan 

 Nizigi and the Ukerewe (Victoria Nyanza). The Somerset River 

 was reached, and a station established at Masuidi, the capital of 

 Unyora. The Somerset Nile, which connects the two lakes, is navi- 

 gable from Mwutan Nizigi to Murchison's Falls ; but from there to 

 the Karuma Rapids it abounds in swift water, having a fall of 700 

 feet between Murchison's Falls and Foueira. 



Mr. Stanley, after exploring Lake Ukerewe, crossed the country 

 of Unyora to the Mwutan Nizigi, reaching that lake at a point where a 

 deep gulf (Beatrice Gulf), formed by a promontory called Unsongora, 

 runs out for thirty miles in a southwesterly direction. The posi- 

 tion of his camp on the lake is 31 24' 30" east longitude, and 25' 

 north latitude. The country of Unyora extends along the eastern 

 shore ; that on the south shore is called Ruanda. On the west, oppo- 

 site Gulf Beatrice, is Ukonju, peopled by cannibals, and the farther 

 western shore to the north is the country of Ulegga. The people of 

 the south and southwestern shores were very hostile. Stanley followed 

 up the course of the Kitangule River, the main feeder of Lake Ukerewe, 

 and circumnavigated Lake Windermere of Speke ; and afterward, on 



