MYTHOLOGIC PHILOSOPHY. 803 



bordering crags ; pive, the nuts of the edible pine, they found on the 

 foot-hills, and use, the fruit of the yucca, in sunny glades and nant, 

 the meschal crowns, for their feasts and chuar, the cactus-apple, from 

 which to make their wine ; reeds grew about the lakes for their arrow- 

 shafts ; the rocks were full of flints for their barbs and knives, and 

 away down in the canon they found a pipe-stone quarry, and on the 

 hills they found arraumpive, their tobacco. Oh, it was a beautiful 

 land that was given to these, the favorites of the gods ! The de- 

 scendants of these people are the present Kaibabits of northern Ari- 

 zona. Those who escaped by the way, through the wicked curiosity 

 of the younger Shi-nau-av,. scattered over the country and became 

 Navajos, Moquis, Sioux, Comanches, Spaniards, Americans poor, 

 sorry fragments of people without the original language of the gods, 

 and only able to talk in imperfect jargons. 



The Hebrew philosopher tells us that on the plains of Shinar the 

 people of the world were gathered to build a city and erect a tower 

 the summit of which should reach above the waves of any flood Jeho- 

 vah might send. But their tongues were confused as a punishment 

 for their impiety. 



The philosopher of science tells us that mankind was widely scat- 

 tered over the earth anterior to the development of articulate speech, 

 that the languages of which we are cognizant sprung from innumerable 

 centers as each little tribe developed its own language, and that in the 

 study of any language an orderly succession of events may be discov- 

 ered in its evolution from a few simple holophrastic locutions to a com- 

 plex language with a multiplicity of words and an elaborate grammatic 

 structure, by the differentiation of the parts of speech and the integra- 

 tion of the sentence. 



A Cough. A man coughs. In explanation the Ute philosopher 

 would tell us that an unupits a pygmy spirit of evil had entered the 

 poor man's stomach, and he would charge the invalid with having 

 whistled at night ; for in their philosophy it is taught that if a man 

 whistles at night, when the pygmy spirits are abroad, one is sure to go 

 through the open door into the stomach, and the evidence of this dis- 

 aster is found in the cough which the unupits causes. Then the evil 

 spirit must be driven out, and the medicine-man stretches his patient 

 on the ground and scarifies him with the claws of eagles from head to 

 heel, and while performing the scarification a group of men and women 

 stand about, forming a chorus, and medicine-man and chorus perform 

 a fugue in gloomy ululation, for these wicked spirits will depart only 

 by incantations and scarifications. In our folk-lore philosophy a 

 cough is caused by a " cold," whatever that may be a vague entity 

 that must be treated first according to the maxim "Feed a cold 

 and starve a fever," and the " cold " is driven away by potations of 

 bitter teas. 



In our medical philosophy a cough may be the result of a clogging 



