SKETCH OF PROFESSOR FRANK LAND. 839 



memoir by him, entitled " On a New Series of Organic Bodies con- 

 taining Metals." This important communication concludes with some 

 theoretical considerations in which the analogy of the organo-metallic 

 bodies with cacodyl is pointed out, and in which that character of ele- 

 ments which has since been termed " atomicity " was first described. 

 In 1857 a royal medal was awarded him by the Royal Society for his 

 " Researches on Organic Radicals and Organo-Metallic Bodies." 



In the " Journal of the Chemical Society" (1866) Dr. Frankland pub- 

 lished his " System of Notation " by which the formulae of bodies are 

 made to represent the mode in which the atoms composing them are 

 arranged in accordance with their atomicity. This system has proved 

 of great service in elucidating the causes of isomerism in organic com- 

 pounds. His " Lecture Notes for Chemical Students " was published 

 in 1866 third edition, two volumes, in 1876. His celebrated memoir, 

 " On the Source of Muscular Power," was printed in the " Philosophi- 

 cal Magazine " in 1866. He gave a course of six lectures before the 

 Royal College of Chemistry, entitled "How to teach Chemistry," 

 which was summarized for publication by George Chaloner. Dr. 

 Frankland is the author of numerous papers published from time to 

 time in scientific periodicals, among which may be mentioned, " Ob- 

 servations Economical and Sanitary on the Employment of Chemical 

 Light for Artificial Illumination " ; " Contributions to the Knowledge 

 of the Manufacture of Gas " ; " Researches on the Influence of Atmos- 

 pheric Pressure on the Light of Gas, Candle, and other Flames " ; on 

 " Winter Sanitariums in the Alps and Elsewhere " ; on the " Purifica- 

 tion of Town Drainage and other Polluted Liquids " ; and on " The 

 Composition and Qualities of Water used for Drinking and other Pur- 

 poses." He is also the author, conjointly with Mr. J. Norman Lockyer, 

 of " Researches connected with the Atmosphere of the Sun." 



In 1857 Professor Frankland published " Experimental Researches 

 in Pure, Applied, and Physical Chemistry." It forms a volume of over 

 a thousand pages, which was issued by John Van Voorst, of London, 

 and embraces the main researches of his scientific career. It has a 

 very full table of contents, an exhaustive index, and a large number of 

 illustrations of apparatus used in research ; graphic tables are also in- 

 cluded, representing to the eye the results of extensive series of experi- 

 mental investigations. The volume embraces the records of experi- 

 mental work in pure, applied, and physical chemistry, extending over 

 thirty years, and scattered through many English and foreign transac- 

 tions and journals. They are grouped into subjects and arranged 

 chronologically, with a new introduction to each chapter, showing its 

 scope, the relations of the several papers to each other, and their bear- 

 ing on subsequent inquiries. A uniform system of nomenclature and 

 notation is adopted (except in the section on applied chemistry), 

 the principles of which are explained in an opening memoir. The 

 work is thus unified, and, being carefully edited and revised so as to 



