THE CHEMISTRY OF COOKERY. 81 



Land. There can be no doubt that such a plan will be expensive, 

 and not so apt to produce stirring results as any other ; however, it is 

 not the purpose of the outgoing explorers to become sufferers and 

 enduring heroes, but to bring home results which are important for 

 their science. The meteorological stations which were established in 

 1882-'83 were the first step to the organization of an enterprise like 

 that we demand, and their results will show the utility of well-founded 

 plans. 



Hitherto I have only referred to the exploration of the unknown 

 region never visited by men. There is more work left, however, 

 which has to be included in a comprehensive plan of research. The 

 southern parts of the Arctic regions for example, the east shore 

 of Greenland, many of the immense fjords of its west shore, Baffin 

 Land, and the central parts of the north shore of America are barely 

 delineated. If we look at the charts, we might be induced to believe 

 that most of these lands are sufficiently known, while, indeed, every 

 new journey discloses the deficiency of our knowledge. These countries, 

 which may be reached without serious difficulties, are the proper place 

 for investigations of great importance, and the exploration of these 

 parts of the Arctic is even more urgent than that of the far north, as 

 the study of the numerous tribes which live on the shore of the Arctic 

 Ocean has to be accomplished very soon ; else the rapid diminution 

 of those peoples and the influence of European civilization will de- 

 prive the ethnographer of anything to study but their moldering 

 remains. 



It is easily understood why, after the northwest passage was found, 

 no new researches in this part of the world were made. Many of the 

 explorers, or those who planned the expeditions, were often more anx- 

 ious to find sensational results than to further science. Polar explora- 

 tion is now mostly considered merely the ambitious struggle of expe- 

 ditions to get a few miles farther north than all the former explorers. 

 We have tried to prove, in our remarks, that its aim is much nobler, 

 and worth all the sacrifices which are brought to it. 



THE CHEMISTKY OF COOKEEY. 



By W. MATTIEU WILLIAMS. 

 L. THE VEGETARIAN" QUESTION. 



IK my introductory paper I said, " The fact that we use the digestive 

 and nutrient apparatus of sheep, oxen, etc., for the preparation of 

 our food is merely a transitory barbarism, to be ultimately superseded 

 when my present subject is sufficiently understood and applied to 

 enable us to prepare the constituents of the vegetable kingdom to be 

 vol. xxvii. 6 



