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THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 



The wine is racked off into other casks when 

 the fermentation has subsided, and becomes 

 quite clear by the time the December frosts 

 set in. It is then mixed, by bringing to- 

 gether thirty or forty casks of the same 

 growth, and blended. Tannin is added, to 

 neutralize grease and deposits, and as much 

 alcohol as is required. At a later stage a 

 masque or deposit forms on the side of the 

 bottle, the removal of which requires much 

 care and skill and manipulation for several 

 weeks. Afterward a sirup of sugar and 

 alcohol is added, in proportions varying ac- 

 cording to the country to which the wine is 

 to be sent. Finally, the bottles arc corked, 

 wired, and set on end. 



Changes in the Color of the Hair. 



Cases of changes in the color of hair other 

 than to gray are not uncommon. Workers 

 in cobalt-mines and indigo-works sometimes 

 have their hair turned blue, and workers in 

 copper green, by deposition of coloring-mat- 

 ter upon it. This, however, is only a super- 

 ficial coloring, and can be washed off. Pren- 

 tiss records a case of a patient to whom 

 muriate of pilocarpine was administered 

 hypodermically whose hair was changed 

 from light blonde to nearly jet-black, and 

 his eyes from light blue to dark blue. 

 These changes were due to increase of nor- 

 mal pigment. Hauptmann relates a case of 

 a body exhumed twenty years after burial, 

 the hair on which had changed from dark 

 brown to red. Leonard cites a case in 

 which, after death, red hair was changed to 

 gray within thirty hours. Other cases have 

 been mentioned in which the color of the 

 hair has been variously changed in conse- 

 quence of disease. 



Decline of Mnssnlman Indnstries. Ac- 

 cording to a letter in the " Allgemeine Zei- 

 tung," art and industry are in a lower stage 

 in Algeria than in any other Mohammedan 

 country, and their progressive decline is per- 

 ceptible there from day to day. Persons 

 may be seen walking in the streets of Al- 

 giers, dressed in Moorish or Arabian cos- 

 tumes, every piece of which is of European 

 origin. Many branches of industry are ex- 

 tinct, others are nearly so, and all show un- 

 mistakable signs of decay. Many articles 

 of European production are much cheaper 



than Mohammedan fabrics of the same kind, 

 and are preferred for that reason ; and many 

 which at the first glance seem to be Mo- 

 hammedan are in fact European imitations. 

 Most of the really Mohammedan articles 

 which are found, such as carpets, cloths, and 

 table-wares, are not Algerian, but of Moroc- 

 can or Syrian manufacture. Arms are not 

 made, for the wearing of them is forbidden 

 by the French Government ; but the Kabyles 

 make a kind of iron knife, which can hardly 

 be called a weapon. The only native in- 

 dustry still flourishing in the city of Algiers 

 appears to be shoe-making, and this is be- 

 cause the Algerine men refuse to wear Eu- 

 ropean shoes ; but the women wear shoes 

 of the prevailing fashion, with Louis XIV. 

 heels. The cause of the depression of Mo- 

 hammedan industry is the pressure of Euro- 

 pean population and influence, which has 

 been attended with a corresponding diminu- 

 tion of the Turkish element. 



Aryan Origins. Professor K. Penka, of 

 Vienna, has recently published a work on 

 " Aryan Origins," in which, according to 

 Professor A. II. Sayce, an eminent linguist, 

 he sets out with " the incontrovertible but 

 hitherto neglected doctrine that language 

 alone will not interpret for us the former 

 history of our race. Without the aid of 

 anthropology, it is not only useless, but 

 misleading. The theories built on the as- 

 sumption that language and race are inter- 

 changeable terms, have introduced nothing 

 but confusion into science, and have even 

 left their scar on the politics of the day. It 

 is only the skull in the hands of the anthro- 

 pologist which can teach him the relation- 

 ship of a people ; the language they speak, 

 or may have spoken, will of itself tell him 

 but little." Professor 0. Schrader has pub- 

 lished, at Jena, a work regarding the Indo- 

 Germanic race from the linguistic side, " in 

 which," says Professor Sayce again, " for 

 the first time a thoroughly critical method 

 has been employed in determining the char- 

 acter and condition of primitive Aryan so- 

 ciety by means of the records of speech ; 

 and the results are very different indeed 

 from the idyllic picture of that civilized 

 community to which Pietet and other writ- 

 ers have accustomed us. The early Aryan 

 comes before us as a coarse and uncivilized 



