THE FAUNA OF THE SEA- SHORE. 623 



by personal observation, which has not yet reached so far) that all flowers that 

 want the bees to visit them have bright colors. This is like ladies who want 

 the gentlemen to visit them, and then put on their finest clothes. 



The Great Mistake. We thought there were three more petals in the middle 

 of the corolla. These were smaller than the others, and divided at the top like 

 a funny M. (The child then made a drawing in illustration.) Each stands in- 

 side a gold-striped petal, and has a groove on the outer side like a bath-tub. In 

 this a princess is bathing. She is a stamen, with a long, whitish anther like a 

 veil over her head. So there were three stamens inserted with the petals. 



How we found out the Truth. (This process is introduced with some solem- 

 nity, as befits its importance.) 1. We looked to see how the pollen got on the 

 stigma. (Introduction to the biological method of studying structure in asso- 

 ciation with function.) 2. We noticed that the pollen could slip down the 

 groove into the tube leading to the ovary. 8. We saw that the petal-like pieces 

 were fastened together in the middle of the perianth, making a solid white 

 cylinder which passed into the green tube. (Another drawing from memory 

 illustrated this.) 4. It was plain that the white cylinder was the style, because 

 it went to the ovary. 5. Then mamma said (recognition of authority and testi- 

 mony again) that the petal-like pieces were the stigma, immensely big. (The in- 

 cident showed the function of the reason in unraveling the deceptions imposed 

 by the senses and the superficial aspect of things.) 



Ovary at the bottom of the tube (ovary inferior) has three lodges and a 

 great many ovules. 



(Thus the botanical analysis was rigidly accurate and complete. But, in- 

 stead of being a dry schedule, it comprised a mass of vivid, glowing impressions 

 destined to remain forever as a typical group of ideas in the child's mind. The 

 prolonged, patient, sympathetic study of the individual preceded the abstract 

 study of a class of flowers. In the future it was intended that the child should 

 construct her own classes from among the botanical individuals she should 

 really learn to know.) 



* 



THE FAUNA OF THE SEA-SHOKE. 



By Professor H. N. MOSELEY, F. E. S. 



THE marine fauna of the globe may be divided into the littoral, the 

 deep-sea, and the pelagic faunas. Of the three regions inhabited 

 by these faunas, the littoral is the one in which the conditions are most 

 favorable for the development of new forms through the working of 

 the principle of natural selection. As Professor Loven writes, " The 

 littoral region comprises the favored zones of the sea where light and 

 shade, a genial temperature, currents changeable in power and direc- 

 tion, a rich vegetation spread over extensive areas, abundance of food, 

 of prey to allure, of enemies to withstand or evade, represent an infini- 

 tude of agents competent to call into play the tendencies to vary which 

 are embodied in each species, and always ready by modifying its parts 

 to respond to the influences of external conditions." It is consequently 

 in this littoral zone, where the water is more than elsewhere favorable 



