PROF. HUXLEY AND THE SWINE-MIRACLE. 509 



lie describes them. It may, perhaps, be questioned whether a 

 work, of which one half bears dates so recent as 1889 and 1890, can 

 yet have fully earned the title of a classical work. I do not, how- 

 ever, presume to question its ability and research. On the other 

 hand, without detracting from its general character, I can not pre- 

 sume it to be precise and conclusive upon every one of those com- 

 plicated local histories of Palestinian towns, among which Gadara 

 has to be reckoned. Nor can I help embracing the opinion that 

 he is (in the case before us) overfond of giving the go-by to a 

 difficulty by altering the text of his authority, so as to make it 

 conform to the view he has adopted. No less than five times,* 

 upon this very limited subject, does he accept or propose this 

 method of proceeding. At the same time, he altogether passes by 

 phrases, and even passages, of Josephus. which are of real, and, 

 in one or more cases, even of capital importance. 



Let the reader test what I have said, in the first place, by ref- 

 erence to the weighty statement of the Jewish historian as to the 

 Sanhedrims of Gabinius. 



Soon after the conquest by Pompey, who had himself given 

 proof of his moderation and regard for the religion of a conquered 

 people, Gabinius became administrator of the Roman power ; and 

 he divided Palestine into five regions, for the purpose of adminis- 

 tering the Jewish law in each of them, through an assembly of 

 elders termed Sanhedrim ; possibly also with a view to the easier 

 and more effective collection of the Roman tribute. 



Of these regions, according to the text as it stands, one had 

 Gadara for its center; the others being Jerusalem, Sepphoris, 

 Jericho, and Amathus. The measure, and the name of Gadara, 

 are mentioned in two separate passages. Here we have to all ap- 

 pearance a pretty flat contradiction to tjie theory that Gadara was a 

 Greek or a Gentile city. Accordingly, says Mr. Huxley, f Schiirer 

 has " pointed out " that what Gabinius really did was to lodge one 

 of these (the Sanhedrims) in Gazara, "far away on the other side 

 of the Jordan." Under this facile phrase of " pointing out " is 

 signified the deliberate alteration of the text, which inconveniently 

 asserts not only in two separate passages, but in two separate 

 works,} that the place selected was not Gazara but Gadara. 

 Without doubt any theory can be established with ease, if we are 

 free thus to bend the original text into conformity with its 

 demands. In this instance that text contains, as we shall see, 

 a specific statement, which, as Mr. Huxley must have found if he 

 had referred to Josephus, made it manifestly impossible that he 

 could have written Gazara in these two places. 



* Autiq., xiii, 13, 5 (Schiirer. ii, 91) ; ibid., xiv, 5, 4 ; Bell. Judd., i, 8, 5 ; ibid., iii, 1, 1 ; 

 Vita, c. 15. 



f Ninteenth Century, p. 973. % Antiq., xiv, 5, 4 ; Bell. Judd., i, 8, 5. 



