PROF. HUXLEY AND THE SWINE-MIRACLE. 511 



Pompey, Gadara was chosen for a purpose which obviously re- 

 quired, and which therefore establishes its being, a great center 

 of Hebrew or Mosaic population. 



III. Military Importance. Having shown that Gadara was 

 important as a center of population which was either Jewish in 

 blood or governed by the Jewish law, I will next show that Ga- 

 dara was also formidable as a seat of Jewish military power. The 

 time came when Vespasian had to contemplate operations against 

 Jerusalem. And now, says Josephus,* " it was necessary for him 

 to subdue what remained unsubdued, and to leave nothing behind 

 him which might prevent his prosecution of the siege." 



Accordingly, he marched to the point of danger. This was 

 Gadara, the strong metropolis of Persea, which had once, against 

 Jannseus, stood a siege of ten months. The rich, who were nu- 

 merous there, escaping the notice of their opponents, had invited 

 him. On the approach of Vespasian, the party disposed to war 

 found itself (and no wonder) in a minority, and fled ; but not till 

 they had massacred Dolesus, the author of the invitation to the 

 Roman general. In their absence, the people received Vespasian 

 with acclamations. But they pulled down the walls of their own 

 accord ; and he then left with them a garrison of horse and foot 

 to defend them against the return of the expelled party. Why 

 were the walls pulled down, except to prevent the population 

 from holding the city against the Romans ? Why, although the 

 wealthy and the local governing power was friendly, yet was a 

 Roman garrison left behind, but because the dominant force in 

 the city, apart from foreign intervention, was a Hebrew or anti- 

 Roman, and not a Gentile, force ? And does not this passage, 

 even if it stood alone, abundantly suffice to show that, whatever 

 the division of parties may have been, Gadara was not, " to all in- 

 tents and purposes, a Gentile city " ? It was a city from which 

 Vespasian apprehended an attack in his rear ; and to prevent this 

 he makes it an open city, and leaves a force in it in order that his 

 partisans might continue to have the upper hand. 



But let us not suppose that these partisans were necessarily 

 Gentiles. I must again press the proposition that the Jews of 

 that era, or the population observing the Mosaic law, were largely 

 divided into peace party and war party, and that we may find the 

 peace party acting with the Gentiles against their fellow-country- 

 men, in order to avoid the alternative of war. I will now refer to 

 a passage which shows this in a manner quite conclusive. Gis- 

 chala f appears to have been a city of the extreme war party, 

 though it, too, had partisans of peace. However, it broke away, 

 and was in consequence assailed and destroyed by a composite 

 force of Tyrians, Sogarenes, Gadarenes, and Gabarenes. It seems 



* Bell. Jud., iv, 7, 3. f Josephus, Vita, c. x. 



