PROF. HUXLEY AND THE SWINE-MIRACLE. 



5*5 



the Sirbonian Lake, while the length of the Dead Sea nearly 

 reaches forty miles.* He was in fact almost wholly ignorant of 

 the interior ; and, as he confounded the Dead Sea with the Sirbo- 

 nian Lake, he probably also confounded the Lake of Tiberias with 

 the Dead Sea, both being on the line of the Jordan ; and thus was 

 led to bring Gadaris into geographical relation with it and with 

 the coast. 



The chief importance, however, of his account is to be found in 

 a third point of contact with the true Gadaris which it presents. 

 He describes the appropriation of this territory by a remarkable 

 phrase. The Jews, he says, eiSiao-ai/To, made it conform to their 

 own model ; thus supporting emphatically the account drawn 

 above from Josephus respecting the introduction of the Jewish 

 law into the district. 



It seems possible that Strabo may have been in part misled by 

 the name of Gazara, which was in this part of Palestine, and which 

 had likewise been Judaized upon a military conquest. 



VI. Gadara and Gabara. Vespasian, in commencing his 

 campaign of a. d. 67, came from Antioch to Ptolemais to unite 

 his force with that of Titus. He was there met by a party sent 

 out of Sepphoris,f who obtained from him a Roman garrison, 

 From this center, all Galilee was laid waste with fire and sword, 

 there being no safety except in the cities fortified by Josephus. \ 

 Vespasian then carried his army of overwhelming force across 

 the Galilsean frontier, and encamped there to try the moral effect 

 upon the enemy. It was so powerful that Josephus,* who com- 

 manded the Jews, withdrew his force to Tiberias, at the extremity 

 of the province. 



Hereupon, says our historian, || Vespasian attacked the city of 

 the Gadarenes, took it at the first assault, as it was not provided 

 with a fighting force, and on his entry slaughtered the inhabitants 

 of military age, for two reasons one of which was hatred to their 

 race. As the text stands, it proves at least a wide prevalence of 

 Jewish nationality in the city and region of Gadaris. 



It is proposed, however, to alter Gadara into Gabara, and the 

 alteration, first suggested by Reland (1714), but not adopted by 

 Hudson (1720) or Cardwell (1837), has received the approval of 

 Schurer, of Milman, A and of Robinson. Q I speak of it with re- 

 spect, out of deference to such authorities. They do not seem to 

 have stated conclusive or even detailed reasons, beyond the re- 

 mark that, while Gabara may be within fifteen miles of Ptolemais, 

 Gadara is out of Galilee, and more than twice the distance. Prof. 



* Williams in Smith's Dictionary, 

 t Bell. Jud., ii, 2, 4. 



% Ibid., 4, 1. 



* Ibid., 6, 2, 3. 



D Ibid., 7, 1. 



A ii, 243. 



t) Biblical Researches, iv, 37. 



