528 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



like plea against Mr. Gladstone's Bull. The seven propositions 

 declared to be false and condemnable, in that kindly and gentle 

 way which so pleasantly compares with the authoritative style 

 of the Vatican (No. 5 more particularly), may or may not be true. 

 But they are not to be found in anything I have written. And 

 some of them diametrically contravene that which I have written. 

 I proceed to prove my assertion : 



Prop. 1. Throughout the paper he confounds together what I 

 had distinguished, namely, the city of Gadara and the vicinage at- 

 tached to it, not as a mere pomozrium, but as a rural district. 



In my judgment, this statement is devoid of foundation. At p. 

 972 of my paper on The Keepers of the Herd of Swine I point out, 

 at some length, that, "in accordance with the ancient Hellenic 

 practice," each city of the Decapolis must have been " surrounded 

 by a certain amount of territory amenable to its jurisdiction " ; 

 and, to enforce this conclusion, I quote what Josephus says about 

 the " villages that belonged to Gadara and Hippos." As I under- 

 stand the term pomerium or pomozrium* it means the space 

 which, according to Roman custom, was kept free from buildings, 

 immediately within and without the walls of a city ; and which 

 defined the range of the auspicia urbana. The conception of a 

 pomairium as a " vicinage attached to " a city, appears to be 

 something quite novel and original. But then, to be sure, I do 

 not know how many senses Mr. Gladstone may attach to the word 

 " vicinage." 



Whether Gadara had a pomozrium, in the proper technical 

 sense, or not, is a point on which I offer no opinion. But that 

 the city had a very considerable " rural district " attached to it, 

 and, notwithstanding its distinctness, amenable to the jurisdiction 

 of the Gentile municipal authorities, is one of the main points of 

 my case. 



Prop. 2. He more fatally confounds the local civil government 

 and its following, including, perhaps, the whole wealthy class and 

 those attached to it, with the ethnical character of the general 

 population. 



Having survived confusion No. 1, which turns out not to be 

 on my side, I am now confronted in No. 2 with a " more fatal " 

 error and so it is, if there be degrees of fatality ; but, again, it 

 is Mr. Gladstone's and not mine. It would appear from this 

 proposition (about the grammatical interpretation of which, how- 

 ever, I admit there are difficulties), that Mr. Gladstone holds that 

 the " local civil government and its following among the wealthy," 

 were ethnically different from the " general population." On 

 p. 348, he further admits that the " wealthy and the local govern- 



* See Marquardt, Romische Staatsverwaltung, Bd. Ill, p. 408. 



