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THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



ing the study of the mother tongue, ought 

 to lay a foundation for foreign languages. 

 It results from the investigation of the prin- 

 ciples of classification, that as speaking is 

 nothing but a thinking aloud, it is the man's 

 mind and the outside world as seen by him, 

 but not the use of words, that ought to sup- 

 ply us with the principles. As the same 

 classes of words exist in the different lan- 

 guages, a uniformity may be supposed in the 

 building up of the framework of the sen- 

 tence. It is sought to establish this as the 

 mere skeleton of the syntactical unit, while 

 each language is left free as to the details 

 of the agreement, government, and order of 

 the words, as far as this is necessary for the 

 manifestation of its individuality and autom- 

 atism. With this point in view, the theory 

 of the single sentence is sketched in its prin- 

 cipal outlines, as it is exhibited by the seven 

 languages. The forms and inflections are 

 then considered. These investigations elicit 

 the fact that language satisfies the require- 

 ments of objectivity and subjectivity, both 

 in the formation of its words and in the 

 subsequent changes of their terminations, and 

 thus makes them fit to play their part in the 

 sentence and give needed expression to the 

 variety of thoughts, volitions, and emotions. 

 Yet notwithstanding the objective and sub- 

 jective world are the same for all, each lan- 

 guage has developed different forms for cer- 

 tain classes of words, and other modifica- 

 tions out of which its individuality and idi- 

 omatism are developed. Ilence there are dif- 

 ferent structures and orders of words, and 

 these are the subject of the fourth and last 

 chapter of the book. 



New York. By Theodore Roosevelt. Long- 

 mans, Green & Co. Pp. 232, with Maps. 

 Price, $1.25. 



This volume belongs to the " Historic 

 Towns " series. The author confesses to hav- 

 ing been tempted to make a more volumi- 

 nous history than was adapted to the place 

 and purpose of the book, but he has kept 

 within bounds, and has made a presentment 

 which is brief and altogether attractive. It 

 has been his aim, less to collect new facts 

 than to draw from the storehouse of facts 

 already collected " those which were of real 

 importance in New York history, and to 

 show their true meaning and their relations 



to one another, to sketch the workings of the 

 town's life, social, commercial, and political, 

 with their sharp transformations and con- 

 trasts, and to trace the causes which grad- 

 ually changed a little Dutch trading hamlet 

 into a huge American city. I have also 

 striven to make clear the logical sequence 

 and continuity of these events ; to outline 

 the steps by which the city gradually ob- 

 tained a free political life, and to give prop- 

 er prominence to the remarkable and ever- 

 recurring revolutions of the make-up of our 

 mixed ethnic population." The author em- 

 phasizes the importance of learning to 

 think less of the original nationality of our 

 citizens and more of cultivating a feeling 

 of "broad, radical, and intense American- 

 ism " looking to the quality of the citizen- 

 ship rather than to the racial derivation of 

 the citizen. Some of our best citizens are 

 of foreign birth, and some of our worst are 

 of American ; and, as was the case with the 

 last four mayors of New York, political 

 lines can not be drawn between them that 

 will not throw a foreigner and an American 

 on one side and a foreigner and an American 

 on the other. It is the man, not the nation- 

 ality, that we must look to. 



Hegel's Logic. By William T. Harris, 

 LL. D. Chicago : S. C. Griggs & Co. 

 Pp. 403. Price, $1.50. 



This volume is the eighth in the series 

 of German philosophical classics published 

 by the house of Griggs & Co., and the third 

 in the series representative of Hegel. The 

 treatise of which it is a critical exposition 

 is defined in the second title as a book on 

 the Genesis of the Categories of the Mind. 

 Prof. Harris's studies of this philosophy be- 

 gan in 1858 with Kant's Critique. But in 

 1883, when he had promised to prepare this 

 volume, he found himself likely to place be- 

 fore the public an immature work, and to at- 

 tack what he could not verify with his pres- 

 ent insight ; so he thought it proper to give 

 himself seven years more of special prepara- 

 tion. His discovery in 1873 of the substan- 

 tial identity of the East-Indian doctrines 

 that the differences of systems were super- 

 ficial, and that the First Principle presup- 

 posed and even explicitly stated by the San- 

 skrit writers was everywhere the same ; the 

 principle of Pure Being as the negative 



