LITERARY NOTICES. 



131 



unit of all things revealed to him Hegel's 

 deep discernment, which, in the dawn of 

 Oriental study, had enabled him to pene- 

 trate the true essence of Hindoo thought. 

 Hegel himself has not deduced the logical 

 consequences of his system in the matter of 

 the relation of Nature to the Absolute Idea ; 

 and the divergence of his system from the 

 true Absolute Idea is explained by the au- 

 thor in many places. But the wrong ex- 

 planation of the use of Nature does not viti- 

 ate Hegel's theory of human life and of the 

 Christian Church. The inference of a par- 

 ticular species of pantheism from this de- 

 fect in interpreting the Absolute Idea is re- 

 garded as a new criticism of the system of 

 Hegel, of the truth of which Dr. Harris is 

 confident. The interpretation given of the 

 doctrine of reflection, the result of many 

 years of study, is considered the key to He- 

 gel's dialectic, "if anything may be called 

 a ' key ' to it " ; and the attention of stu- 

 dents is called to it in the hope " that a new 

 and fruitful road to Hegel's deeper thoughts 

 may be opened by studying that portion of 

 the Logic which expounds the relation of 

 ' determining reflection ' to ' external reflec- 

 tion.' " 



A Manual of Weights and Measures, with 



Rules and Tables. By Oscar Oldbero. 



Third edition. Chicago : W. T. Keener. 



Pp. 250. 



This book is intended to give complete 

 information on the important subject indi- 

 cated in its title. It contains the elements 

 of metrology, the relations between metro- 

 logical systems and arithmetical notation, a 

 brief review of the development of weights 

 and measures, the demands of practical 

 medicine and pharmacy in the matter of 

 subdivision of the units employed ; the met- 

 ric system, American and English weights 

 and measures, the relations of weight to 

 volume, specific weight, specific volume, 

 the construction, use, and preservation of 

 balances or scales, weights and measures, 

 and of alcoholometers, urinometers, and 

 other hydrometers, and extensive tables of 

 equivalents. The laws of the United States, 

 as far as any exist relating to weights and 

 measures, are included. The applications 

 of weights and measures to prescribing and 

 dispensing, and to the construction of formu- 

 las for liquid preparations, have received at- 



tention. The rules and tables for reduction 

 from one system to another are the most 

 complete that we have seen. The present 

 (the third) edition has been revised, and is 

 believed by the author to be free from errors. 



Lake Bonneville. By Grove Karl Gil- 

 bert. Monographs of the United States 

 Geological Survey, Vol. I. Washington. 

 Pp. 438, quarto. 



One of the most famous geographical 

 features of prehistoric America is Lake 

 Bonneville. The bed of this great body of 

 water, nearly equal to that of Lake Huron in 

 extent, occupied the northwestern part of 

 what is now the Territory of Utah. It has 

 left several sets of clearly marked shore- 

 lines, which have been carefully studied. 

 The Great Salt Lake now occupies about 

 one tenth of the ancient bed, and some 

 smaller existing lakes were included in it. 

 The time of Lake Bonneville was the Qua- 

 ternary era, or, as the present author prefers 

 to call it, the Pleistocene period. One of the 

 first large works begun by the Geological 

 Survey, under the directorship of Clarence 

 King, was an investigation of the Pleistocene 

 lakes. A volume was to be devoted to the 

 description of Lake Bonneville, and all gen- 

 eral discussions were to be deferred until 

 many lakes had been studied. The exten- 

 sion of the field of the survey over the 

 whole United States led to the abandon- 

 ment of this undertaking, and hence such 

 generalizations as were permitted by the 

 material gathered have been included in the 

 present volume. After an introductory chap- 

 ter the author takes up the general topo- 

 graphic features of lake shores, pointing out 

 those formed by waves, shore currents, and 

 inflowing streams, and describing the char- 

 acter of an adolescent and of a mature coast. 

 He then applies these principles to the shores 

 of Lake Bonneville. The Bonneville shore- 

 line proper is about 1,000 feet above Great 

 Salt Lake; 375 feet lower is a strongly 

 marked shore-line, called the Provo, made 

 after the lake had shrunken considerably 

 from its greatest extent, and between these 

 two elevations are intermediate shore-lines 

 due to fluctuations of the water surface be- 

 fore the greatest extent was reached. An 

 account is then given of the outlet formed 

 at the north end of Lake Bonneville, where 

 375 feet of alluvium was quickly cut through, 



