LITERARY NOTICES. 



697 



over the thought of men and women 

 competing for work, and doubtless such 

 competition has already given rise to 

 some unpleasant results. But, strictly 

 speaking, competition for work is a feat- 

 ure of an imperfect social system, and 

 therefore, as we may trust, an evil that 

 is destined to disappear ; while competi- 

 tion in work will remain as a powerful 

 spring of progress. On the other hand, 

 man will be roused by the rise of woman 

 to a competition not so much with her 

 as with himself. If he wishes to win 

 her respect, to say nothing of conquer- 

 ing her love, he will have to be some- 

 thing better on the average than he has 

 been in the past. Heretofore man has, 

 consciously or unconsciously, counted 

 too much on the power of instinct for 

 his influence over woman ; while she in 

 turn has regarded him as a creature to 

 be captivated mainly by appeals to the 

 senses and by an appearance of subservi- 

 ence to his wishes. In the future the 

 primitive attraction between man and 

 woman will remain, but it will be so 

 modified by intellectual and moral influ- 

 ences that it will not exercise the same 

 mastery that it has done in the past, nor 

 be so determining an influence in con- 

 jugal unions. It is vain to represent to 

 women that it is their duty to marry ; 

 their first duty is to themselves, and only 

 when marriage can give fuller scope to 

 their individuality will the best women 

 fo the now rising generation care to 

 commit themselves to it. In some ways 

 this may seem to bode evil, seeing that 

 the less advanced will be as ready as 

 ever to marry on the old terms ; but, on 

 the whole, we can not doubt that the re- 

 flex action on men will carry with it a 

 large surplus of advantage to the world. 

 We want individual men that has long 

 been recognized ; but we want also in- 

 dividual women that has only lately 

 been recognized : when once woman be- 

 comes an individual in the truest and 

 highest sense, civilization will have 

 reached the threshold of its most glori- 

 ous period. 



LITEEARY NOTICES. 



Geological Survey of New Jersey. An- 

 nual Report of the State Geologist 

 for the Year 1890. By John C. Smock. 

 Trenton. Pp. 305, with Map. 

 Mr. Smock entered upon the office of 

 State Geologist on the 1st of October, 1890. 

 Previous to that time the clerical work of 

 the office and the superintendence of the 

 distribution of publications had been car- 

 ried on since the death of Dr. Cook by Irving 

 S. Upson, at New Brunswick. The present 

 report includes work done under Mr. Upson 

 and Mr. Smock. The office of the Survey 

 has been removed to Trenton, but distribu- 

 tion is still attended to by Mr. Upson at 

 New Brunswick. The work of the year in- 

 cludes studies by Mr. Frank L. Nason of 

 the crystalline rocks of the Highlands and 

 of the magnetic ores of that district. An 

 interesting feature of his work is the dis- 

 covery of fossils in those limestones which 

 tdve a clew to their age and determine their 

 relative horizon. They have been referred 

 by Prof. Beecher, of Yale, to the Cambrian 

 below the Potsdam sandstone, the oldest 

 fossiliferous horizon hitherto known in the 

 State. Additional detailed surveys of the 

 country of the crystalline rocks are neces- 

 sary to an accurate knowledge of the rela- 

 tive position and true nature of the forma- 

 tions grouped as Archaean, and for their 

 correct representation on the geological map. 

 In the southern part of the State preparation 

 has been made, with surveys by Mr. C. W. 

 Coman, for a detailed geological map, show- 

 ing the limits and areas of the various su- 

 perficial formations of sands, gravels, clays, 

 peats, tidal marshes, and other recent depos- 

 its. The area of the " Trenton gravel " has 

 been ascertained and its limits determined, 

 but its relation to the yellow gravels of 

 south Jersey, and that of the brick-clays to 

 the latter gravel, are yet to be made out. 

 Observations for the volume on water-supply 

 and water-power have been carried on under 

 the immediate direction of Mr. C. C. Ver- 

 meule. The census of the water-powers a 

 new line of inquiry in the history of the 

 survey work is still in progress, and is, 

 therefore, incomplete. Papers appear in the 

 report on the artesian wells, particularly the 

 recently bored ones in the southwestern 

 coast-belts of the State. A report on the 



