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THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



jenny, and by which eight yarns or threads could be as easily 

 spun as one. It was eventually perfected to such a degree that 

 a child could keep eighty or one hundred spindles in motion. 

 This machine was used to a limited extent in the wool manu- 

 facture, before it was superseded by the throstle of Arkwright 

 and the mule of Crompton. 



It is the common understanding that the woolen manufacture 

 owes its development to the application of mechanical ideas first 

 applied to the manipulation of. cotton. The two industries have, 



Fig. 11. Hargreaves's Spinning Jenny, as improved. 



indeed, marched forward shoulder to shoulder. They are allies, 

 both in use and in methods of manipulation. Nearly every new 

 idea in the mechanism of one has been turned to good account in 

 the other. Cards for the combing of cotton were first adapted 

 from the woolen manufacture, while on the other hand the woolen 

 manufacture owes a vast debt to men whose discoveries were first 

 applied to cotton. This debt is reciprocal, and it is hard to strike 

 a balance of obligation. It was not until after Arkwright had 

 utilized and developed Paul's machine for " spinning without 

 fingers " that the wool manufacture began to get the full benefit 

 of it. Ark wriglit's first patent was dated July 3, 1709 ; it covered 

 the use of successive pairs of rollers drawing the sliver of cotton 

 from one pair of rollers on to another pair running at greater 

 speed, twisting the thread in the mean time by means of wooden 

 fliers, with wire arms for correctly guiding the thread upon the 



