THE RIVALRY OF THE HIGHER SENSES. 761 



due to those educated iu those schools, which shows that they 

 were not only incompetent judges, but that they had no criterion 

 of truth, and therefore did not recognize it when it was plainly 

 set before them. The end of this is at hand. The old will be 

 transformed. Metamorphosis is easier than creation. The grub 

 has already entered the chrysalis stage, and the process of tran- 

 sition may be heard by the attentive ear. The custodians know 

 that something serious has happened, but they try to console 

 themselves with the hope that the same old grub will appear with 

 all its essential features unchanged, while the observer of pro- 

 cesses knows that when it emerges, its former friends will not 

 identify it, for it will be not only different in form but will be 

 adapted to life in another sphere and to be nourished with a 

 different kind of food, and as soon as the sunlit air has dried out 

 its wings it will surely fly from the grounds of its former pro- 

 tectors, unless they shall provide flowers in the place of leaves. 



-+*~ 



THE RIVALRY OF THE HIGHER SENSES. 



By G. T. W. PATEICK, Ph. D., 



PROFESSOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF IOWA. 



PROBABLY no subject presents to the psychologist and the 

 physiologist a greater number of unexplored regions than 

 that of the senses and the organs of sense. As yet we do not 

 know how many special senses we possess. To the traditional five 

 are now added the muscular sense, about whose organs there is 

 no little dispute ; the temperature sense, including separate end- 

 organs for sensations of heat and cold ; and the now problematic 

 sense of equilibrium, whose organs are thought to be the semi- 

 circular canals. Still less is known about the senses of animals. 

 Some of these, as has been shown, are sensitive to colors, sounds, 

 tastes, and odors to which the human sensorium does not react. 

 Most interesting are the patient experiments of Sir John Lub- 

 bock, proving that the eyes of ants are sensitive to the ultra-vio- 

 let rays of light. To them, therefore, even " white " light is not 

 white. " The familiar world which surrounds us/' says Lubbock, 

 " may be a totally different place to other animals. To them it 

 may be full of music which we can not hear, of color which we 

 can not see, of sensations which we can not conceive." The pres- 

 ence of doubtful sense organs in animals, such as the muciferous 

 canals of fishes, strikingly suggests the limitations of science ; for 

 we not only do not understand these organs, but perhaps never 

 can understand them, as such sensations may be outside the range 

 of our possible experience. 



