768 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



nyson, Browning, Longfellow, Bryant, Poe, Dante, Virgil, Horace, 

 Homer, Hume, Gibbon, Macaulay, Motley, Prescott, Bancroft, 

 Livy, Herodotus, Cicero, Carlyle, "Webster, Irving, Emerson, Pas- 

 cal, Voltaire, Ruskin, Plato, Kant, Mill, Darwin, Spencer, Scott, 

 Dickens, Thackeray, Cervantes, Hugo, George Eliot, Bulwer, 

 Kingsley, Hawthorne, Bronte", Black, Collins, Dumas. Besides 

 these, or many like them, he has read a great number of contem- 

 porary writings, including novels, travels, biographies, essays, phi- 

 losophy, science, and art. New books, reviews, and articles, relat- 

 ing to his profession or specialty he must, of course, be constantly 

 reading. Besides these he must at least glance over some of the 

 leading articles in the best of the hundreds of weekly, monthly, 

 and quarterly periodicals, magazines, and reviews. Then there is 

 his private correspondence with daily letters to read and write. 

 With all this mass of reading, however, he might not become 

 quite a reading machine, and might find a little time for the use 

 and cultivation of other bodily organs than the eye, were it not for 

 the daily paper. The tireless steam press ruthlessly grinding out 

 some thousand large pages per hour has become a kind of tyrant 

 rather than a servant of man. By what curious perversion of 

 modern conscience have we learned to believe it our daily duty to 

 read that A. B. robbed a bank in New York and that C. D. wrote 

 a book in Boston, that E. F. married a wife in Maine and that G. 

 H. killed one in Missouri, that the weather is colder in California 

 and warmer in France ? But if we have learned to skip the crimes 

 and casualties, we consider it our bounden duty daily to scan at 

 least the field of politics. What one reads others must write and 

 print. Day and night, therefore, editors, reporters, correspond- 

 ents, and printers are busy with eye and hand. 



As a result partly of our eye-mindedness, partly of our condi- 

 tions of life, a number of arts both aesthetic and useful have sprung 

 into being or into new life, which promise still further to increase 

 the use of the eye. Among these we may mention the art of deco- 

 ration exhibited in architecture ; in the internal embellishment of 

 dwellings, churches, and public buildings ; in dress, unless we rank 

 this as a separate fine art ; in stage decoration, in floriculture, and 

 in many other ways. There is next the art of illustration, which 

 has enormously increased the circulation of certain classes of 

 books, magazines, weekly and even daily papers. Then there is 

 photography, an art which has lately received a wonderful expan- 

 sion, made popular on the one hand by cheap and rapid processes, 

 on the other hand applied to the highest scientific piirposes. No 

 less have drawing and designing extended their fields in every di- 

 rection. Type-writing as a brand-new art has sprung into exist- 

 ence ; and, finally, the art of advertising has gained a distinctive 

 place, scores of pages in a single magazine being covered with 



