3 88 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



fundamental form, memory, synthesis ; and synthesis presupposes individuality. 

 The material world shows us no real individualities ; these are first known from 

 the psychological standpoint, from which inner centers of memory, action, and 

 endurance are discovered. If now we conceive of the individual mental elements 

 (sensations, thoughts, feelings, etc.) as capable of being transposed to other com- 

 binations, like chemical atoms, it would follow that they might have an existence 

 apart from a definite individual consciousness a supposition which our account 

 of consciousness shows to be absurd. Sensations, thoughts, and feelings are 

 mental activities which can not persist when the definite individual connection in 

 which they occur has come to an end. . . . 



The theory to which we are here led is not a complete solution of the problem 

 between mind and body. It is only an empirical formula, an indication of the 

 manner in which the relation presents itself provisionally, when, following the 

 hint of experience, we take heed of the close connection between the mental and 

 the material, and the impossibility of a reduction of the one to the other, together 

 with the difficulties attending the notion of a transition from the one to the other. 

 Concerning the inner relation between mind and matter, we teach nothing; we 

 suppose only that one being works in both. But what kind of being is this? 

 Why has it a double form of manifestation ; why does not one form suffice ? These 

 are questions that lie beyond the realm of our knowledge. Mind and matter ap- 

 pear to us as an irreducible quality, just as subject and object. "We therefore 

 postpone the consideration of the question, since it is evident that it lies in reality 

 far deeper than has been usually supposed. But the empirical formula with which 

 we conclude does not exclude a more comprehensive metaphysical hypothesis. 



THE QUIANGANES OF LUZON.* 



By Peof. F. BLUMENTKITT. 



THE Quianganes of Luzon, Philippine Islands, live for the 

 most part in small settlements in the mountain districts ; but 

 they have larger colonies in the more level regions, where they 

 can cultivate rice. Their homes are all built after the same type, 

 of wood or reeds, with wooden floors, about twelve feet square, 

 resting about a yard above the earth on posts. They cultivate 

 rice wherever the supply of water will permit it, and, as their 

 land is rarely level, they lay it out in terraces, which they call 

 pilapil. If the slope is moderate, they make them of earth ; if 

 steep, they strengthen them with walls of stone, the height of 

 which is largely governed by the inclination. Having no plows, 

 they till the soil by main strength with wooden shovels. The 

 watering is very laborious, and sometimes, when in dry seasons the 

 springs fail, their labor is lost. In consideration of the unend- 

 ing vigilance and work exacted by the rice crop, a high value is 

 set upon it. 



The men go out to the fields in groups of from six to twenty 



* From the missionary report of the Dominican Pere Villaverde. 



