LITERARY NOTICES. 



1 29 



book, in which Pestalozzi gives the history 

 and circumstances that led him to those 

 piinciples which he first definitely stated in 

 the Method. These three essays form a com- 

 plete group, and are estimated as Pestalozzi's 

 most important educational works. 



Woolen Spinning. Bv Charles Vickerman. 

 New York : Macmillan & Co. Pp. 352. 



This work is designed to be a text-book 

 for students in technical schools and colleges, 

 and for skillful practical men in woolen mills, 

 which the author believes has long been 

 wanted. The want is accentuated by the re- 

 trograde position into which the woolen in- 

 dustry has drifted during late years. The 

 object of the book is to restate the prin- 

 ciples that underlie the various processes 

 and operations of the earlier portions of 

 the woolen manufacture, and to assert their 

 importance from the nature of the material 

 in its raw state onward through every opera- 

 tion up to its being ready for the loom. The 

 special subjects are considered of the nature 

 and qualities of wool, sources of supply, sort- 

 ing, scouring and drying, bleaching and ex- 

 tracting, dyeing, teasing or willeying, burr- 

 ing, mixing, oiling, carding; spinning, its 

 history, principles, and progress ; and the 

 self-actor mule. The text is made clearer by 

 the aid of numerous illustrations. 



Bible, Science and Faith. By the Rev. J. A. 

 Zahm. Baltimore: John Murphy & Co. 

 Pp. 316. Price, $1.25. 



The purpose of this book is to discuss 

 the relationship between religion and science, 

 and to prove that there is no antagonism be- 

 tween the truths of the Bible and the truths 

 of Nature as revealed by scientific research. 

 Some of the topics treated were presented 

 before the Catholic summer school in 1893, 

 and excited much interest and discussion. 

 The author recognizes that a more extensive 

 acquaintance with the natural and physical 

 sciences, and the accumulation by Egyptolo- 

 gists and Assyriologists of new historical 

 facts of far-reaching importance, have thrown 

 much light on many parts of the Bible that 

 were previously ill understood, if at all, and 

 have supplied us with the necessary data for 

 the solution of numerous perplexing prob- 

 lems -which before were regarded as inex- 

 plicable mysteries. The notion is contra- 



VOL. XLVI. 10 



dieted that reliance upon the Bible as a 

 divinely inspired book should interfere with 

 the freedom of investigation any more than 

 reliance upon the compass or lighthouses 

 should cripple the mariner's freedom of sail- 

 ing. The truths of faith and the truths of 

 science, though belonging to different cate- 

 gories, can never come into conflict. Both 

 have God for their author. Guided by these 

 views, the author discusses the Mosaic Hexa- 

 emeron in the Light of Exegesis and Modern 

 Science (showing in the discussion how St. 

 Gregory of Nyssa foreshadowed the nebular 

 hypothesis and St. Augustine was an evolu- 

 tionist) ; the Noachian Deluge, particularly 

 with reference to its geographical, zoological, 

 and anthropological universality; and the 

 Age of the Human Race according to Mod- 

 ern Science and Biblical Chronology. 



The Natural Law of Money. By William 

 Brough. New York: G. P. Putnam's 

 Sons. Pp. 168. Price, $1. 



In this work the successive steps in the 

 growth of money are traced from the days of 

 barter to the introduction of the modern 

 clearing house, and monetary principles are 

 examined in their relation to present and 

 past legislation. It is shown in the begin- 

 ning that money came into use on account 

 of its inherent fitness for certain services 

 and men's appreciation of its value for such 

 services before laws were made for its regu- 

 lation and independently of laws. This argu- 

 ment is further developed to show that legal 

 regulation can not, does not, and never did 

 give value to money or affect it in any way 

 save that unwise enactments may limit its 

 elasticity and usefulness. " Clearly there is 

 no need of making coin a legal tender at 

 any weight whatever. If governments would 

 confine their legislation to fixing by enact- 

 ment the fineness of the precious metal and 

 the number of grains that shall constitute 

 each piece of a given size, they may safely 

 leave the maintenance of the coinage in its 

 integrity and the value of the pieces to be 

 regulated by individual interest and action. 

 Practically this point of monetary advance- 

 ment has been reached by most of the civi- 

 lized nations; but in the useless, although 

 comparatively harmless, act of decreeing that 

 coin shall be a legal tender at its bullion 

 worth is manifested the extreme conservatism 



