4i6 



THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



entered, and which was reached by railroad 

 at only one point. The district has since de- 

 veloped into one of the most important iron- 

 producing areas of the country. Before the 

 beginning of the investigation, Prof. Irving 

 had done a large amount of field work upon 

 a portion of the range for the Wisconsin 

 Geological Survey and had prepared a sys- 

 tematic report upon this part of it. He was 

 thus able to direct the more detailed exam- 

 ination of the whole area, so that no loss of 

 time should occur. This is the first of the 

 iron-producing districts of Lake Superior in 

 which the geology has been worked out 

 in detail, and the fundamental conclusions 

 reached are in opposition to those expressed 

 by some geologists. Hence, in order to 

 make the facts fully accessible to those who 

 desire to have them, the descriptions of the 

 formations and their sections are given with 

 especial particularity. The first chapter of 

 the present report was prepared by Prof. 

 Irving; the third, fourth, and fifth chapters 

 were jointly prepared ; and the rest is the 

 work of Mr. Van Hise. 



Thirteenth Annual Report or the United 

 States Geological Survey, 1891-'92. 

 By J. W. Powell, Director. In Three 

 Parts. Part I, Report of the Director. 

 Washington: Government Printing Of- 

 fice. Pp. 240. 



The work of the Geological Survey is the 

 examination of the topography and the prep- 

 aration of topographical maps showing the 

 distribution and characteristics of the rock 

 formations of the country with their vari- 

 ous mineral contents. Usefulness in various 

 other ways than for the geologist is justly 

 claimed for the maps that result from the 

 surveys such as the location of roads, rail- 

 ways, and canals, for planning towns and ex- 

 tensive manufactories, for drainage and irri- 

 gation systems, and for all other works de- 

 pending on the configuration of the ground. 

 These uses are multiplying, as the resources 

 and industries of the country are developed 

 and increase, with every decade. The geo- 

 logical survey of each district requiring, by 

 reason of the diversity of rocks and resources 

 in the different parts of the country, special 

 knowledge of that district, the work is or- 

 ganized in divisions, each assigned to a par- 

 ticular district or series of formations, in 

 each of which are subdivisions in which work 



is carried on by independent parties ; and 

 there are other divisions of special kinds of 

 work. The topographical surveys of Con- 

 necticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and 

 Rhode Island are completed. The surreys 

 of this branch during the year covered by 

 the report serve to complete eighty-eight 

 atlas sheets, of which thirty-six are on a 

 scale of 1 : 62,500 (or about one mile to the 

 inch), forty-five are twice as large, and seven 

 are drawn to special scales. The general 

 maps, it is claimed, are among the first to 

 represent with approximate accuracy the re- 

 lief of any considerable part of the country. 

 A summary of the more important features 

 of the surveys and the administrative reports 

 of the chiefs of divisions, showing in general 

 terms the amount of work done in each, are 

 given in connection with the director's re- 

 port. 



In Part II, Geology (pp. 872, with nu- 

 merous illustrations and maps, largely swell- 

 ing the thickness of the volume), are given 

 the full and detailed repoi-ts of the second 

 expedition to Mount St. Elias, by I. C. Rus- 

 sell ; The Mechanics of Appalachian Struc- 

 ture, by Bailey Willis ; The Average Elevation 

 of the United States, by Henry Gannett ; The 

 Rensselaer Grit Plateau of New York, by T. 

 N. Dale ; The American Tertiary Aphidae, by 

 S. H. Scudder. 



Part III (486 pages, with illustrations 

 and maps) relates to irrigation, and contains 

 papers on Water Supply for Irrigation, by 

 F. H. Newell ; American Irrigation Engineer- 

 ing, by H. M. Wilson ; ^Engineering Results 

 of Irrigation Survey, by Mr. Wilson ; a report 

 upon the construction of topographic maps 

 and the selection and survey of reservoir 

 sites in the hydrographic basin of the Arkan- 

 sas River, Colorado, by A. H. Thompson ; and 

 a report upon the location and survey of 

 reservoir sites during the fiscal year ending 

 June 30, 1892, by John Thompson. 



Clinical Manual for the Study of Dis- 

 eases OF the Throat. By James Walk- 

 er DowNiE, M. B. New York : Macmil- 

 lan&Co. 1894. Pp. xiv-f 268. Price, 

 $2.50. 



When one recalls the six or eight hun- 

 dred octavo pages of most of the popular 

 text-books on diseases of the throat, it 

 seems that the author of this manual has 



