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end of the last century, the drawing and effect are produced by- 

 small dots in place of lines (Fig. 3), 



These dots follow at first the outlined shades, starting with a 

 double dot where the darker shades are desired. Smaller dots are 

 placed close to these double dots on the side nearest the largest 

 space. Lights are had by using very fine dots, and high lights by 

 leaving them out altogether. 



Ryland, Bartolozzi, and Sherwin excelled in this style of en- 

 graving. It is well suited for portraits ; several of Rasburn's 

 have been capitally engraved in " stipple " by 

 Walker. It involves much more labor than any S'^W^fMf^^^^ifl^i^ 

 other kind of work in this line of fine arts, ex- s;^ 



cent line engraving, and is now little practiced. ii$^^^MMi^0i^ 

 Rouletting is done with a tool very much like 'i'WSlt^il^tB^^I^: 

 those sold on the streets nowadays for cutting '''^I'l^^/^MS^'' 

 glass. A small hardened steel wheel is set in Fio. ;^.. Stipple. 

 the end of a pencil-like handle (Fig. 4). On the 

 edge of this wheel is cut the pattern desired by the artist notches, 

 lines, dots, or whatever may be called for by the subject to be 

 treated. This wheel is rolled on the plate, leaving an indentation 

 like the marking on its edge. 



This peculiar style of engraving is used, in connection with 

 others, where particular effects are desired, pencil and charcoal 

 lines being imitated in this way, thus securing that beautiful 

 sketchy style better than can be obtained by any of the others. 



We now come to consider line engraving, the 

 most important as well as the most difficult of 

 them all, and the only kind that can be used 

 successfully in bank-note work (Fig. 5). 



It is so called because the effect is produced 

 by a combination of lines or interrupted lines. 

 The more harmonious these lines are in shape or 

 direction, spacing, and texture, the better will 

 be the effect and the more valuable the work. 

 Because of the requirement of this accurate spac- 

 ing and harmony of texture mechanical as well 

 as artistic skill is called for in producing a first- 

 class line engraving. Many good artists in other 

 lines fail in this art for want of this mechanical 



I Hi. 4. The Koi-- , .,, 



LETIE. SKlll. 



Line engravings have always ranked the 

 highest in this branch of the fine arts, some people preferring 

 them to water colors or oil paintings. 



As stated before, this is the only picture work that can be used 

 successfully in bank-note work, for it is much more difficult to 

 imitate, and consequently gives greater security, being less liable 



