OBITUARIES. 



CARL CLAUS. 



Born at Kassel in Hessen, January 2, 1835 ; Died, January 18, 1899. 



Prof. Karl Grobben briefly reviews 1 the life and work of the late Prof. Claus 

 of Vienna, and gives a full list of his memoirs. The majority dealt with the 

 Coelentera and the Crustacea, and a few with the more general problems of 

 Biology. Of his writings that which was most widely read was the work which 

 underwent many changes of form and title since its first (1868) publication as 

 "Grundziige der Zoologie," and its final (1883-1897) issue as "Lehrbuch der 

 Zoologie." The Lehrbuch was, as Prof.' Grobben informs us, Claus's "Lieblings- 

 werk," and enjoyed an extraordinary and widespread popularity. As a teacher 

 Claus emphasized the importance of adequate practical work, and as director of 

 the Zoological Station at Trieste was enabled to supply his students with living- 

 material. The result was seen not only in the founding of the journal in which 

 the present memoir appears, but also in the numerous students trained under 

 him who now occupy professorial chairs in Austria and Germany. The personal 

 character of Prof. Claus is summed up in the two phrases : — he was a "hervor- 

 ragender Forscher " and a " lebhafter Kampfer." 



The following deaths are announced : — On June 24, at the age of 55, Charles 

 William Baillie, marine superintendent of the Meteorological Office, well 

 known for his invention of a sounding machine ; at Boston, from typhoid fever, 

 W. W. Norman, professor of biology in the University of Texas ; Dr. Carl 

 Schonlein, assistant in the zoological station at Naples, aged 40 ; Dr. Thomas 

 O. Summers, professor of anatomy at the St. Louis College of Physicians and 

 Surgeons, on June 19 ; Mr. Lawson Tait, the eminent surgeon, on June 13, in 

 his 55th year, one of the earlier investigators of digestion in insectivorous 

 plants ; Gianpaolo Vlacovich, professor of anatomy at Padua, Italy ; Prof. E. 

 G. Balbiani, professor of comparative embi-yology in the College de France, 

 well known for his work on the development of insects, the conjugation of Pro- 

 tozoa, the rule of the nucleus, and in many other departments ; on August 16, 

 Prof. B. W. Bunsen, F.R.S., the illustrious Heidelberg chemist, in his 88th 

 year; on August 1, John Cordeaux, of Great Cotes-house, Lincolnshire (born 

 1831), a keen ornithologist, who helped not a little to organise a systematic 

 study of bird-migration ; on August 9, Sir Edward Frankland, the famous 

 chemist (born 1825); on July 18, at Springfield, Ohio, Prof. H. R. Geiger, 

 formerly of Wittenberg College, and lately connected with the U.S. Geological 

 Survey ; on July 16, W. P. Johnson, LL.D., President of Tulane University, 

 New Orleans, and a regent of the Smithsonian Institution ; Mrs. Elizabeth 

 Thompson, of Stamford, Conn., a liberal patron of science, founder of the 

 Elizabeth Thompson Fund for the promotion of scientific research. 



1 Arbeit, zool. Inst. Univ. Wien, xi. 1899, pp. i. -xii. 



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