The Fauna of the Sound. 



Abstracted by F. A. Bather from the Swedish of Dr. Einar Lonnberg. 



In two papers, entitled " Unclersbkningar norande Oresunds djurlif," 

 and " Fortsatta undersbkningar," etc., and issued as Mcddelandcn frdn 

 Kongl-Landtbriiksstyrelscn, Nos. 43 and 49 (Upsala, 1898 and 1899), 

 Dr. Einar Lbnnberg has published the results of some researches made 

 by him during June 1896, July 1897, and August and September 

 1898, under the auspices of the Swedish Office of Agriculture 

 (Landtbruksstyrelsen). The language in which these papers are 

 written, as well as the place of their publication, must prevent the 

 majority of English readers from appreciating their considerable in- 

 terest. The following attempt to present Dr. Lonnberg's general con- 

 clusions may therefore have some value. 



Oresund is the narrow tract of water that divides Scania, the 

 southern province of Sweden, from Sjalland, the island on which 

 Copenhagen stands. Travellers from Denmark to Sweden cross its 

 southern end as they go by steamer from Copenhagen to Malmo, while 

 its northern opening is seen by the visitor to Elsinore. The Sound, 

 as we usually call it, forms one of the connections between two 

 sharply separated provinces of marine life — the brackish Baltic and 

 the salt Kattegat. From the biological point of view it must be 

 restricted within rather narrower limits than those usually assigned to it. 

 Dr. Lbnnberg draws the northern boundary from Hellebaek, a little 

 north of Elsinore, to the projecting reef of Hittarp on the opposite 

 Swedish coast. The southern boundary is marked by a broad bank 

 stretching across by the islands of Saltholm and Amager, just south 

 of Malmo and Copenhagen. 



It is of course the case that the Sound, no less than the neigh- 

 bouring seas, has been the subject of investigation by many naturalists. 

 The Germans, for example, have their " Kommission zur wissenschaft- 

 lichen Untersuchung der Deutschen Meere in Kiel," together with the 

 " Biologische Anstalt auf Helgoland " ; Denmark has published " Det 

 videnskablige Udbytte af Kanonbaaden ' Hauchs ' Togter i de Danske 

 Have inden for Skagen," and the reports of Dr. C. G. J. Petersen from 

 " Den Danske biologiske Station " ; while the Norwegian " Nordhavs- 



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