454 SOME NEW BOOKS [December 



are 348 in the first volume, but there are no illustrations in that on deep-water 

 shells. 



Most of the figures are either of natural size or are enlargements of small 

 species, but those of larger shells are unequally reduced, some being one-third, 

 some one-half, some two-thirds of actual size, while one (Tritonium nodiferum) 

 is only one-eighth of such size, which gives a false impression of its dimensions. 

 The figures are not woodcuts, but are photo-prints from good drawings, and 

 suffice for purposes of recognition. 



In the first volume he enumerates 1186 species, including 14 Brachiopods, 

 but there are many among them which other conchologists would probably 

 regard as varieties. The numbers of each class are as follow : — 



Gastropoda . . . .777 



Scaphopoda . . . .11 



Lamellibranchiata . . . 384 



Brachiopoda . . . .14 



1186 



In his last volume he gives a brief account of the successive dredging 

 expeditions by which the deeper waters have been explored, from that of the 

 Porcupine in 1869 to those undertaken by private individuals in 1895 and 

 1896. The species obtained from these greater depths number 625, and 286 

 of them do not occur in the shallower waters. Thus he makes the total 

 number of shell-bearing Mollusca found on or near the coasts of France to be 

 1488. 



M. Locard may be congratulated on having completed a work of so much 

 labour, and one which cannot fail to be useful to all who are interested in the 

 molluscan fauna of the seas around France. Moreover, as a large number of 

 these species occur also on our own coasts his volumes will also be of service to 

 British conchologists. A. J. J-B. 



TOWARDS PERFECTION. 



Animal Biology, an Elementary Text-Book. By C. Lloyd Morgan, F.R.S., 

 Professor of Zoology and Geology in University College, Bristol, and 

 Lecturer on Comparative Anatomy in the Bristol Medical School. 

 Third Edition, revised. 8vo, pp. viii. + 313, with 135 figures. London : 

 Longmans, Green, & Co., 1899. Price 8s. 6d. 



This well-known and much-appreciated text-book has been modified a little 

 to meet changes in the requirements of the London University examinations, 

 part of it has been at the same time rewritten, and many illustrations have 

 been added, — the result being that the book, so excellent before, has made a 

 marked step towards perfection. It is one of the soundest books that can be 

 put in the student's hands. 



At the same time, we have one general criticism to make, — that the book 

 is even in its improved form distinctly smaller than its title. Prof. Lloyd 

 Morgan has in other works made biologists his debtors by his lucid and 

 balanced exposition of the general problems of biology, and by his original 

 contributions towards their solution ; he has also elsewhere discoursed in a 

 most interesting way on the habits of birds and beasts, and shown how much 

 may be gained from their study ; but of all this there is little trace in the 

 volume before us, which conforms with others in being mainly morphological, 

 differs from most in giving a fair place to physiology, but agrees with almost 

 all in leaving out bionomics. Perhaps the author is right in his reserve, but 

 we doubt it — for him. His position, hoAvever, is indicated in the sentence, 



