1888.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 85 



observed radiating from certain points, and second as it is seen to 

 converge to certain points. 



The following are the main points of radiation. The parietal bone, 

 a short distance to the right of the obeleou, and the axilla. The pa- 

 rietal centres may be symmetrical. 



The following are the main points of convergence. The head at 

 the obeleon and directly above the auricle ; the face at the inner end 

 of the eyebrow, and at the root of the nose ; the neck over the cen- 

 tre of the hyoid bone ; the sternum at its upper third ; the abdomen 

 at the summit of the bladder ; the under surface of the penis at the 

 base ; the nape of the neck on each side of the vertebral column ; 

 the trunk over the lower part of the coccyx ; the side of the trunk ; 

 the arm at the insertion of the deltoid muscle ; the elbow at the ob- 

 cranon ; the wrist at the head of the ulna ; the ilium over the ante- 

 rior superior process; the thigh at the lower end of the femoral artery; 

 and the ham at the inner border. 



It will be found in the course of the ensuing statements that the 

 points of convergences are often found associated with the regions of 

 markings which contrast with the ground-color. Thus the obeleon 

 is the site of brown or black spots in the dog ; in the same animal 

 the tan-colored wart is found in black and tan dogs ; the centre of 

 the hyoid bone is also the centre of the gular white or gorget in many 

 carnivorous and quadrumanous animals ; the sternal point is often 

 white in the horse and dog ; the lower end of the back at the sacrum 

 and coccyx is black or brown in ordinarily parti-colored dogs ; the 

 insertion of the deltoid is the lower end of the epaulette-region which 

 is frequently of a contrasted color to that of the rest of the limb ; the 

 spot over the head of the ulna is in the line of the fringe of the fore- 

 leg in the setter-dog and in some lemurs. The nape of the neck, the 

 root of the nose, the summit of the bladder, the base of the penis, 

 the olecranon, the anterior prominence of the ilium, the femoral 

 point and the inner border of the ham are not found associated with 

 color-marks. These cannot in turn be entirely separated according 

 to Eschricht from being in the line of union of parts Avhich unite late 

 in the development of the foetus. A complicated disposition at the 

 upper lip is held by the same writer to result from the union of the 

 right and left halves at the median line. Some points, as for exam- 

 ple the olecranon and the iliac process, answer to bony surfaces 

 which are near the skin. The femoral point is also the region at 

 which the long saphenous nerve pierces the fascia. The point on the 



