ON ACQUIRED PSYCHICAL HABITS. 303 



conditions have to be considered that no standard can be laid down 

 beyond the broad fact already stated that one-sixth of the coal we 

 commonly now use would suffice for all our requirements if it were prop- 

 erly utilized. I do not, however, anticipate that much progress will 

 be made in economy, unless the price of coals should remain at a figure 

 which will induce the householder to make himself thoroughly ac- 

 quainted with the principles on which the apparatus for warming and 

 cooking should be constructed and worked ; for there is no apparatus 

 which can be invented which will not depend, to a considerable ex- 

 tent, on the manner in which it is attended to. 



The principal conditions which I have enumerated have long been 

 known. There is an old saying in South Staffordshire, that " he who 

 lives longest must carry coal farthest," and, acting on this, we have, 

 year after year, simply wasted millions of tons of coal in our domestic 

 fireplaces, because the coal was provided at a small cost, and we 

 have had no thought for posterity. 



George Stephenson once said, very happily, that coal represented 

 the accumulated rays of the sun laid up in store in by-gone days. 

 When this store is gone, the world will have lost the most convenient 

 and economical means of generating heat. It is, therefore, a duty, 

 which every man owes to posterity r to do his utmost to husband 

 this great store. 



I have endeavored to do my part by explaining the conditions 

 which should govern the arrangements devised for regulating the con- 

 sumption of fuel for domestic purposes. It remains for the public to 

 insist on having these principles applied to the various apparatus 

 which they adopt. Journal of the Society of Arts. 



4 



ON THE HEREDITARY TRANSMISSION OF ACQUIRED 



PSYCHICAL HABITS. 



By Ds. WILLIAM B. CARPENTEE, LL. D., F. E. S. 



PROCEEDING, now, to show that the tendency of modern Phys- 

 iology is to prove the existence of a distinct causal relation be- 

 tween Physical changes in the Nervous System and definite modes of 

 Mental action, it may be well for me to adduce, in limine, the positive 

 evidence that all Mental activity is dependent on a Chemical reaction 

 between the Blood and the Brain : for, although this is one of the best- 

 established facts in Physiology, it is, I believe, taken very little ac- 

 count of by Metaphysicians. The Brain is supplied with Blood by 

 four Arterial trunks, which enter the cranial cavity at no great dis- 

 tance from one another, and then unite into the " Circle of Willis ; " 



