THE MORBID EFFECTS OF HEAT. 497 



the Turkish patterns are too often disagreeably violent. But for the 

 most part the carpets exhibited are of a very ordinary class indeed. 

 The iidaid marqueterie and cabinet-work seems rude in design and 

 coarse in execution, if we measure it against the Japanese standards. 

 The carved olive-wood from Jerusalem recalls the pedlers' hawking 

 goods made for sale at the doors of the Holy Sepulchre. Here and 

 there are some exquisite arms among many that are inferior; but even 

 the very best of them are excelled by the Persians. There are grace- 

 ful shapes in the pottery, but they are not un frequently marred by de- 

 fects in the workmanship. There is a great collection of figures in the 

 various national costumes, and the dresses strike one as being some- 

 what incongruous. On the whole, the only articles in which Turkey 

 may be said to show to decided advantage are some extremely rich 

 furniture stuffs, the choicest of which seem to have been already sold 

 or removed, and the dyed morocco, which, in its vividness of color, 

 shames any thing that can be shown by the West. It must be re- 

 membered, however, that the Turk gives almost as many months to 

 the dyeing process as the European allows days. Taste apart, we 

 may perhaps console ourselves for the inferiority which we must con- 

 fess by repeating that facts like this deliberate process of dyeing fur- 

 nish the key to much of the Oriental excellence. Time is of no value 

 in the East, and patience and indefatigable perseverance have always 

 been the willing handmaids of their arts and manufactures. /Saturday 

 Review. 



* 



THE MORBID EFFECTS OF HEAT. 



By WM. J. YOUMANS, M. D. 



THE healthy human body has a temperature which varies but little 

 either way from 99 Fahr. The heat required to maintain this 

 temperature is derived from the oxidation within the body of the ele- 

 ments of the food. In other words, our bodies are furnaces ; the food 

 we take is the fuel which supplies the furnace, and the air we breathe 

 is the draught that keeps the combustion going. The amount of heat 

 thus evolved is, in health, always in excess of that needed to maintain 

 the required temperature. There is, therefore, a constant overplus, a 

 part of which is converted into mechanical work, while the remainder 

 escapes as waste, partly along with the matters passing out of the 

 body through the lungs, kidneys, and skin, and partly by the pro- 

 cesses of conduction and radiation. 



In estimating the morbid effects of external heat upon the living 

 body, this waste requires to be taken into account, as its fluctua- 

 tions, tli rough the operation of surrounding conditions, have much to 

 vol. in. 82 



