LITERARY NOTICES. 



517 



otherwise classified, on which the state- 

 ments contained in the tables are based. 

 The condensed statements, arranged after a 

 uniform manner, give at one view, in each 

 table or succession of tables, the phenom- 

 ena of all orders which each society pre- 

 sents constitute an account of its mor- 

 phology, its physiology, and (if a society 

 having a known history) its development. 

 On the other hand, the collected extracts, 

 serving as authorities for the statements in 

 the tables, are (or, rather, will be, when the 

 work is complete) classified primarily ac- 

 cording to the kinds of phenomena to which 

 they refer, and secondarily according to the 

 societies exhibiting these phenomena ; so 

 that each kind of phenomenon, as it is dis- 

 played in all societies, may be separately 

 studied with convenience. The three divis- 

 ions, each thus constituted, comprehend 

 three groups of societies : 1. Uncivilized 

 Societies ; 2. Civilized Societies Extinct or 

 Decayed ; 3. Civilized Societies Recent or 

 still Flourishing. Several sample tables have 

 been sent us, and as a specimen of the clas- 

 sifactory headings under which the immense 

 array of facts are grouped, we shall give 

 those belonging to Table IX. of Division I. 

 ("Uncivilized Races "), the Sandwich-Island- 

 ers, one of the Malayo-Polynesian Races. 

 First are given their Inorganic Environment 

 (Climate, Surface); Organic Environment 

 (Vegetal, Animal) ; Sociological Environ- 

 ment (adjacent tribes), Physical, Emotional, 

 and Intellectual Characters. Then follow 

 the tables, divided into Structural and Func- 

 tional, each of which is subdivided into 

 Operative and Regulative. The Structural 

 Operative is again subdivided into Opera- 

 tive and Regulative ; the Structural Regu- 

 lative is subdivided into Political (Civil 

 [Domestic (Marital, Filial), Public], Mili- 

 tary), Ecclesiastical, and Ceremonial (Muti- 

 lations, Funeral Rites, Laws of Intercourse, 

 Habits, and Customs). Under Functional, 

 the Regulative is subdivided into Sentiments 

 (^Esthetic, Moral), Ideas (Superstitions, 

 Knowledge), and Language; the Operative 

 into Processes (Distribution, Exchange, Pro- 

 duction, Arts, Rearing, etc.), and Products 

 (Land - Works, Habitations, etc., Food, 

 Clothing, Implements, Weapons, ^Esthetic 

 Products). Under each final subdivision am- 

 ple details are given. The value of such a | 



work to all students of sociology, and of man- 

 kind generally, will be inestimable. Nature. 



Introduction to Chemical Physics, de- 

 signed fob the Use of Academies, 

 High-Schools, and Colleges. By T. R. 

 Pynchon, M. A., Professor of Chemistry 

 and the Natural Sciences in Trinity Col- 

 lege, Hartford. New York : D. Van 

 Nostrand. 



The principle of subdivision of labor, 

 upon which our civilization rests, is nowhere 

 more marked than in education. As knowl- 

 edge extends, and greater thoroughness of 

 study is demanded, science inevitably be- 

 comes specialized. A few years ago, two 

 or three introductory chapters on the phys- 

 ics of the subject were prefixed to the 

 treatises on chemistry : now an independent 

 volume is required for the purpose. Mil- 

 ler's " Chemical Physics " is part of his ency- 

 clopaedic work upon chemical science ; but 

 Prof. Pynchon's book is a complete treatise 

 upon the subject, independently presented. 

 The author considers the intimate bearings 

 of heat, light, and electricity, upon the pro- 

 duction of chemical phenomena, and his 

 exposition is so full that it not only meets 

 the wants of the higher educational institu- 

 tions, but will prove equally useful as a 

 guide for manufacturers and practical men. 

 We are glad to see that this work is well 

 appreciated abroad. The London Mining 

 Journal, in a very commendatory review, 

 epitomizes its contents as follows : " The 

 history of chemistry is briefly sketched, 

 and reference is made to the fundamental 

 principles of the science, to the apparatus 

 used, to the constitution of some of the 

 most important chemical compounds, to the 

 chemical agents heat, light, and electrici- 

 ty and why they are called imponderables, 

 and to other similar elementary matters, a 

 knowledge of which is required for the 

 more profitable study of the succeeding 

 chapters. The chapter on the first chem- 

 ical agent heat is as complete a treatise 

 on the subject as is found in the best col- 

 lege text-books devoted to the subject, and, 

 although concise, the style is by no means 

 uninteresting ; the diffusion of heat-expan- 

 sion, liquefaction, ebullition, evaporation, 

 specific heat, sources of heat, nature of 

 heat, are each treated of, the explanations 

 being rendered particularly clear by the ad- 



