THE RADICAL FALLACY OF MATERIALISM. 355 



can have less. While the form of this energy changes, the substance 

 endures forever. In this respect it resembles matter. The forms of 

 both matter and energy are fleeting, but the invisible substance en- 

 dures. By their interactions they incessantly alter each other. The 

 forms of energy determine the forms of matter, and the forms of mat- 

 ter determine the forms of energy. In this respect their interdepend- 

 ence is mutual. The form of matter determines whether energy shall 

 be moulded into heat, light, sound, magnetism, chemical affinity, cohe- 

 sion, or molar motion. The mode and amount of energy determine 

 whether matter will be solid, liquid, or gas, opaque or transparent, 

 colored or colorless, etc. As all matter must have some form, so all 

 energy must have some mode. 



Whatever form matter may assume, that form is built from the ele- 

 ments of form of which matter can never divest itself. While mat- 

 ter and energy have independent substantive existences, form has no 

 existence apart from the matter with which it is found. One piece of 

 matter cannot give up its form to another, as one collision-ball can 

 give its energy to another. The failure to see this truth has led to 

 serious mistakes among psychologists. The elements of form belong- 

 ing to one piece of matter may be put together in the same order as 

 found in another piece, so that the identical form may appear to have 

 been transmitted. The elements of form belonging to matter may 

 imitate or mimic each other, but this does not constitute identity. The 

 two words R'O'S'E', ROSE, may look alike, but each has its own form. 

 If we transpose them as entire words, ROSE, R'O'S'E, they have not 

 given up their own forms. If we transpose them letter by letter, as 

 beneath, each still retains its own form, and has not appropriated that 

 of its neighbor : 



First change RO'S'E' R'OSE 



Second " ROS'E' R'O'SE 



Third " ROSE' R'O'S'E 



Fourth " ROSE R'O'S'E' 



When transposed as entire words, the entire forms are transposed 

 at once, and, when transposed as letters, the forms are transposed in 

 their elements. At the base of the left thumb of the writer there is a 

 scar, made during boyhood. All the tissue has probably been removed 

 several times, as in the transposition of the letters of our word ROSE ; 

 but because the material that supplied the waste has been the same in 

 kind, and because these elements of form have been put up in the 

 original order at every change, a scar is there to-day like the one of 

 years ago. For convenience' sake we call it the same scar, yet it is 

 no more the same than are our two words, when transposed, identical. 

 By one set of the elements of form imitating another an illusion is 

 established that makes it appear as if the identical form was transmit- 

 ted from one mass of matter to another, just as the identical energy is 



