482 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



result is a single harmonious disturbance which I call an emotion. Thus, 

 the various sounds made by the instruments of an orchestra strike upon 

 the ear, and the result is a peculiar musical emotion, quite distinct from 

 the sounds themselves. This emotion is essentially the same thing as 

 an hypothetic inference, and every hypothetic inference involves the 

 formation of such an emotion. We may say, therefore, that hypothesis 

 produces the sensuous element of thought, and induction the habitual 

 element. As for deduction, which adds nothing to the premises, but 

 only out of the various facts represented in the premises selects one 

 and brings the attention down to it, this may be considered as the logi- 

 cal formula for paying attention, which is the volitional element of 

 thought, and corresponds to nervous discharge in the sphere of physi- 

 ology. 



Another merit of the distinction between induction and hypothesis 

 is, that it leads to a very natural classification of the sciences and of the 

 minds which prosecute them. What must separate different kinds of 

 scientific men more than anything else are the differences of their 

 techniques. We cannot expect men who work with books chiefly to 

 have much in common with men whose lives are passed in laboratories. 

 But, after differences of this kind, the next most important are differ- 

 ences in the modes of reasoning. Of the natural sciences, we have, first, 

 the classificatory sciences, which are purely inductive systematic bot- 

 any and zoology, mineralogy, and chemistry. Then, we have the sci- 

 ences of theory, as above explained astronomy, pure physics, etc. 

 Then, we have sciences of hypothesis geology, biology, etc. 



There are many other advantages of the distinction in question 

 which I shall leave the reader to find out by experience. If he will only 

 take the custom of considering whether a given "inference belongs to 

 one or other of the two forms of synthetic inference given on page 

 472, I can promise him that he will find his advantage in it, in various 

 ways. 



POISOXS OF THE INTELLIGENCE HASHEESH. 1 



Bv CHARLES EICIIET. 



HASHEESH is the extract of Indian hemp. This extract, mixed 

 with different aromatics and vegetable oils, forms dawamesk, a 

 sort of nauseous confection taken before a meal. Then there is the 

 hasheesh smoked in pipes or in cigarettes, and this is the form in which 

 the drug is most commonly taken in the East. The aqueous extract is 

 known as hafioun ; it is more active than the other two preparations. 

 It takes nearly four parts of dawamesk to make one of hafioun. It is 



1 Translated and condensed by J. Fitzgerald, A. M. 



