CIVILIZATION AND SCIENCE. 529 



sent an inward and personal aspect of the nature and progress of evo- 

 lution which ought not to be overlooked. For the very method and 

 circumstances of man's creation by evolution planted within him a con- 

 sciousness from which, when acted upon by myriads of slowly-widening 

 experiences, were evolved all the fundamental powers of his moral 

 nature. Let us illustrate this position by the cognate example of the 

 genesis of religious beliefs. These were developed, let us say, either 

 from the worship of ancestors, or (according to the mythological theory) 

 by personifying the operations of Nature. But it seems to me totally 

 impossible that any merely external cause could have produced a belief 

 so primitive, so powerful, so universal, so permanent, and above all so 

 strongly marked by certain original and undeviating characteristics, 

 unless they had been correlated with the consciousness of a creature in 

 whom by the very law of his origin the Spirit of Evolution was always 

 suggesting an unanswerable question : " Where wast thou when I laid 

 the foundations of the earth ? declare, if thou hast understanding." 

 Primitive man had enough of philosophy to ask this question, and 

 enough of science to attempt to answer it out of such materials as lay 

 ready to hand ; hence it is that speculations as to their own origin are 

 common, if not universal, among savage races. As in religion so in 

 morality. All the external impressions arising out of society, law, 

 utility, and the like, were related to and conditioned by an innate sense 

 of Tightness in the individual, wrought in him by the power of evolution 

 itself by which he was created. And thus we arrive at that inward and 

 spiritual side of evolution to which I have endeavored to call atten- 

 tion, in the belief not only that justice remains yet to be done to it, 

 but also that it contains a reconciling and adjusting element much 

 needed amid the conflicts and misunderstandings of modern thought. 

 But from the further pursuit of this thought I am obliged, however 

 reluctantly, to turn away. Nineteenth Century. 



CIVILIZATION AND SCIENCE. 1 



Br Professor EMIL DU BOIS-REYMOND, 



OP THE THSTIVERSITY OF BERLIN. 



PART III. 



VIII. Prussian Gymnasium Education in" the Struggle against 

 the Progress of Americanization. 



HOW are we to guard our youth against this debasing influence ? 

 The answer appears to be easy, and has often been given before. 

 Let us set up the palladium of humanism against that natural science 

 which would subject to dissection our ideals, which contemptuously re- 



1 An address delivered before the Scientific Lectures Association of Cologue. Trans- 

 lated from the German by J. Fitzgerald, A. M., and carefully revised by the author. 

 VOL. XIII. 34 



