588 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



and Kampani. The vowel-sound in " bank," which does not occur in 

 Indian languages, could be expressed only by some special symbol. I 

 use d for the broad sound of a in " fall." Words in italics are in the 

 Indian Government spelling. Words between inverted commas are in 

 ordinary English spelling. 



Age, twelve months. M-m often repeated; Bd bd repeated an 

 indefinite number of times. 



M-m generally indicated a want of something. Bd bd was : 1. A 

 sort of general demonstrative, standing for the child herself, other peo- 

 ple, or the cat (1 do not think she applied it to inanimate objects) ; 2. 

 An interjection expressing satisfaction. Both sounds, however, seemed 

 often to be made without distinct intention, as mere exercise of the 

 vocal organs. 



Thirteen months. Dd dd ; Wa wa (water, drink) ; Wah wah, 

 with a guttural sound distinct from the foregoing (dog, cat) ; Nd nd 

 (nurse of course as proper, not generic name). 



Dd dd was at first a vague demonstrative. I noted, however, with 

 a query, man as a second and specialized meaning. About six weeks 

 later it became a distinct proper name for the child's father, and has 

 been consistently so used ever since. By this time the significance of 

 pictures was in a general way understood. The child said wah wah to 

 figures of animals, and attempted to smell at trees in the illustrations 

 of the Graphic. (Six months later she pretends to feed the dogs in 

 a picture.) The fact is curious, having regard to the inability of adult 

 savages, as reported by many travelers, to make anything of even the 

 simplest representations of objects. About this time the ticking of a 

 watch gave great pleasure, and for some months afterward the child 

 constantly begged to have one put to her ear, or, still better, to have it 

 in her hand and put it there for herself. Five or six months later she 

 had left off asking for it. 



J 



Fifteen months. M-m discontinued. Sometimes bd bd used in- 

 stead ; sometimes she simply cried for a desired object. 



Imitative sounds to represent dog, cat, sheep, ticking of clock. Wah 

 wah, mian, soon became generic names of dog and cat (wah tcah, which 

 at first included cat, becoming appropriated to dog). I think, however, 

 wah wah would include any middling-sized quadruped other than a cat 

 or a sheep. As to cat, her name for it became, a few months later, 

 aya-m or ayd-m, which, so far as I know, she invented for herself. The 

 conventional " gee-gee " for horse was very soon understood by her, 

 though she could not form the j sound. She recognized a zebra in a 

 picture-alphabet as " gee-gee," and showed marked dissent when told 

 it was a zebra. 



These imitative sounds were all learned on the suggestion of adults, 



