660 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



ages by New York; and it is an interesting fact that the great tide of 

 population and business which has set in from the Eastern States tow- 

 ard the interior has chiefly passed through the gap cut in the highlands 

 by the old river whose course we have endeavored to trace. The topo- 

 graphical features of this pass led to the construction of the Erie Canal, 

 and it was comparatively easy to reestablish there the old line of water 

 communication. In later years the same influences caused the con- 

 struction through it of the most important railroad line of the world. 

 The natural advantages of this route are such as to give New York and 

 her connections with the interior a positive and inalienable superiority 

 over all competing ports and lines of traffic a superiority which, 

 though it may be temporarily abrogated by municipal misgovernment, 

 or be diverted from public to private profit by individual or corporate 

 rapacity, will ultimately and always assert itself, and give to this city 

 a continuance of the prosperity that has attended her past career. 



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EDUCATION AS A SCIENCE. 



By ALEXANDER BAIN, LL. D., 



PROFESSOR IN THE UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN. 



V. THE EMOTION'S IN" EDUCATION". 



THE Emotiox of Power. The state named the feeling or emo- 

 tion of power expresses a first-class motive of the human mind. 

 It is, however, shown, with great probability, not to be an inde- 

 pendent source of emotion. It very often consists of a direct refer- 

 ence to possessions or worldly abundance. In other cases, I cannot 

 doubt that the pleasure of malevolent infliction is an element ; the 

 love of domineering, or subjecting other people's wills, Avould be much 

 less attractive than it is if malevolent possibilities were wholly left out. 



Power in the actual is given by bodily and mental superiority, by 

 wealth, and by offices of command. Hence it can be enjoyed in any 

 high degree only by a few. It is, however, capable of great ideal ex- 

 pansion ; Ave can derive gratification from the contemplation of superior 

 power, and the outlets for this are numerous, including not merely the 

 operations of living beings, but the forces of inanimate Nature. For 

 example, the sublime is an ideal of great might or power. 



We have now almost, but not quite, led up to the much-urged edu- 

 cational motive, the gratification of the sense of self-activity in the 

 pupils. This must afterward undergo a very searching examination. 

 Let us, however, first briefly review another leading class of well- 

 marked feelings, those designated by the familiar terms, self-compla- 

 cency, pride, vanity, love of applause. Whether these be simple or 



