132 



THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



Constitution of Wisconsin, but that it is 

 illustrative of " the holiest motive of human 

 affairs, . . . the sentiment of universal jus- 

 tice," and indicates the dawn of " the mod- 

 ern state." 



A series of articles originally contributed 

 to Science by Oscar Browning is republished 

 in revised form by the Industrial Education 

 Association, under the title Aspects of Edu- 

 cation. In this a study is made of the the- 

 ories of teaching that have influenced the 

 world since the Reformation. These are re- 

 solved into three classes : humanism, or the 

 study of language ; realism, a study of things ; 

 and naturalism, training for the art of living. 

 The author claims in favor of language study 

 that weighing the shades of meaning in words 

 cultivates a subtler tact than either mathe- 

 matical reasoning or biological discrimina- 

 tion. The realistic method of teaching, al- 

 though indebted to Comenius and Milton, 

 received its greatest impetus from the ex- 

 amples of Pestalozzi and Froebel. " There 

 is no fear that, in the present day, the learn- 

 ing of things instead of words will be 

 neglected." It is observed that "natural 

 education will always have advocates and 

 apostles, especially in times when there ap- 

 pears to be a danger of over-refinement or 

 overpressure ; but the wise educationalist 

 will turn to it as a repository of cautions 

 and warnings rather than as an armory of 

 weapons fit for fighting against the ever- 

 present enemies of ignorance and sloth." 

 The pamphlet concludes with a historical 

 sketch of the English public schools. Win- 

 chester, Eton, Harrow, and Rugby still ad- 

 here to the classical curriculum, so that " a 

 public school man means one who has been 

 educated mainly in Greek and Latin." The 

 suggestion is made anent the boardinjr- 



CO o 



school system, that " an idea may grow up 

 that the home is, after all, the best place 

 for children." 



Nos. 10 and 12 of Quiz Compends (Blak- 

 iston, $1 each), are at hand. The former is 

 A Compend of Chemistry, inorganic and or- 

 ganic, including urinary analysis, by Henry 

 Leffman, M. D., which has reached its third 

 edition. It gives a cursory view of the field 

 of general chemistry, dealing also with bio- 

 logical chemistry, and is intended to serve 

 medical students partly or wholly in place of 

 written lecture notes. As to changes from 



the preceding editions, the author says that 

 he has endeavored to bring the work up to 

 date, and has given more space to explana- 

 tions of the nature and functions of acids 

 and radicles. He has also treated the organic 

 substitution compounds more at length. 



No. 12 of this series has for its subject 

 Equine Anatomy and Physiology. It is by 

 William R. Ballou, M. D., and contains 

 twenty -nine graphic illustrations selected 

 from Chauveau's Comparative Anatomy. The 

 facts and descriptions are given very con- 

 cisely, and are arranged under heads and 

 sub-heads, divisions of different ranks being 

 distinguished by different type. In order 

 that the eye may readily find any item of 

 which the reader is in search, each sub- 

 head begins a new line. 



From the same publishers we have re- 

 ceived the third edition of The Essentials of 

 Medical Chemistry and Urinalysis, by Sam 

 E. Woody, M. D. (price, $1.25). It contains 

 more matter than the usual volumes of 

 lecture notes, and may be described as a 

 brief treatise. Directions for a considerable 

 number of experiments are inserted in the 

 form of foot-notes, and processes and ar- 

 rangements of apparatus, etc., are shown in 

 sixty-two cuts. The chapter on urinalysis is 

 quite full, and contains figures showing the 

 appearance under the microscope of various 

 solid matters, crystalline substances, etc. 



Also from the Messrs. Blakiston comes a 

 little volume in the same style as the last, 

 but much briefer, on Electro- Chemical Anal- 

 ysis, by Prof. Edgar F. Smith (price, $1). It 

 is designed to make students acquainted with 

 the methods of quantitative analysis by elec- 

 trolysis. The author describes the plan of 

 the book as comprising "a brief introduction 

 upon the behavior of the current toward the 

 different acids and salts, a short description 

 of the various sources of the electric energy ; 

 its control and measurement ; after which 

 follow a condensed history of the introduc- 

 tion of the current into chemical analysis, 

 and sections relating to the determination 

 and separation of metals, as well as the oxi- 

 dations possible by means of the electric 

 agent. . . . The methods of determination 

 and separation given preference are not 

 those of any one individual, but have been 

 selected from all sources after an experience 

 of many years, care being taken to present 



