NEW CHAPTERS IN THE WARFARE OF SCIENCE. 299 



alone pure and unmixed, all the rest are much mixed, for there is 

 none which has not some words derived and corrupted from 

 Hebrew." 



Typical, as we approach the end of the sixteenth century, are 

 the utterances of two of the most noted English divines : First 

 of these may be mentioned Dr. William Fulke, Master of Pem- 

 broke Hall, in the University of Cambridge. In his Discovery 

 of the Dangerous Rock of the Romish Church, published in 1580, 

 he speaks of " the Hebrew tongue, . . . the first tongue of the 

 world, and for the excellency thereof called ' the holy tongue.' " 



Yet more strong, eight years later, was another eminent 

 divine, Dr. William Whitaker, Regius Professor of Divinity and 

 Master of St. John's College at Cambridge. In his Disputation 

 on Holy Scripture, first printed in 1588, he says : " The Hebrew is 

 the most ancient of all languages, and was that which alone pre- 

 vailed in the world before the Deluge and the erection of the 

 Tower of Babel. For it was this which Adam used and all men 

 before the Flood, as is manifest from the Scriptures, as the 

 Fathers testify." He then proceeds to quote passages on this 

 subject from St. Jerome, St. Augustine, and others. He cites St. 

 Chrysostom in support of the statement that " God himself 

 showed the model and method of writing when he delivered the 

 Law written by his own finger to Moses." * 



* For the whole scriptural argument, embracing the various text's on which the Sacred 

 Science of Philology was founded, with the use made of such texts, see Benfey, Ge- 

 schichte der Sprachwissenschaft in Deutschland, Miinchen, 1869, pp. 22-26. As to the 

 origin of the vowel-points, see Benfey, as above : he holds that they began to be inserted 

 in the second, and that the process lasted until about the tenth century a. d. For Ray- 

 mundus and his Pugio Fidei, see G. L. Bauer, Prolegomena to his Revision of Glassius's 

 Philologia Sacra, Leipsic, 1795; see especially pp. 8-14, in tome ii of the work. For 

 Zwingli, see Traef. in Apol. comp. Jesaiae (Opera iii) : Cf. e. g. Morinus, De Lingua 

 primaeva, p. 447. For Marini, see his Area Noe : Thesaurus, Lingua? Sanctae, Venet., 1593, 

 and especially the preface. For general account of Capellus, see G. L. Bauer, in his Pro- 

 legomena, as above, Leipsic, 1795, vol. ii, pp. 8-14. His Arcanum Premetationis Reve- 

 latum was brought out at Leyden in 1624; his Critica Sacra ten years later. See on 

 Capellus and Swiss theologucs, Wolfius, Bibliotheca Nebr., tome ii, p. 27. For the 

 struggle, see Schnedermann, Die Controverse des Ludovicus Capellus mit dem Buxtofen, 

 Leipsic, 1S79: cited in article Hebrew, in Encyclopaedia Britannica. For Wasmuth, see 

 his Vindiciae Sanctae Hebraicae Scripturac, Rostock, 1664. For Reuchlin, see the dedi- 

 catory preface to his Rudimenta Hebraica, Pforzheim, 1506, folio, in which he speaks 

 of the ,l in divina scriptura dicendi genus, quale os Dei locutum est." The statement in 

 the Margarita Philosophica as to Hebrew is doubtless based on Reuchlin's Rudimenta He- 

 braica, which it quotes, and which first appeared in 1506. It is significant that this section 

 disappeared from the Margarita in the following editions ; but this disappearance is easily 

 understood when we recall the fact that Gregory Reysch, its author, having become one of 

 the Papal Commission to judge Reuchlin in his quarrel with the Dominicans, thought it 

 prudent to side with the latter, and therefore, doubtless, considered it wise to suppress all 

 evidence of Reuchlin's influence upon his beliefs. All the other editions of the Margarita 

 in my possession are content with teaching, under the head of the Alphabet, that the 



