THE PEOPLING OF AMERICA. 307 



In my lectures on this subject I have cited textual ly the words 

 of the best authorities among men of science respecting the prin- 

 cipal groups of fresh and salt water animals ; I have passed in 

 review the fauna of the air, beginning with insects ; and have 

 dwelt to some extent on fishes and reptiles. I will spare you the 

 enumeration, and will speak of the bird the area of whose habitat 

 is most extended. The peregrine falcon occupies all the temper- 

 ate and warm regions of the Old and New Worlds, but does not 

 reach the arctic regions, or Polynesia. 



In his body, man is anatomically and physiologically a mam- 

 mal no more and no less. This class, therefore, interests us 

 more than the others, and furnishes us with more precise knowl- 

 edge. I will, for that reason, enter more into detail respecting it, 

 taking as my guide the great work of Andrew Murray. 



By virtue of their strength, their enormous locomotive powers, 

 and of the continuity of the seas which they inhabit, the cetaceans 

 should seem to be able to play a truly cosmopolitan part. They 

 do not. Each species is cantoned within an area of greater or less 

 extent, beyond which a few individuals may occasionally make 

 excursions, but always to return soon within their bounds. Two 

 exceptions to this general rule have been noted. A rorqual with 

 large flippers, and a northern Balcenopterus, natives of temperate 

 and frigid seas, are said to have been found, the first at the Cape, 

 the second at Java. Judging from what Van Beneden and Ger- 

 vais, the two greatest authorities in cetology ; say, these statements 

 are at least doubtful. But, if we accept them as true, it is still the 

 fact that neither species has been met in the seas that wash Amer- 

 ica and Polynesia. We find nothing else resembling the whales 

 in cosmopolitism, even though it be narrow. Here, also, I spare 

 you the details. You know as well as I do that the species of 

 marsupials, edentates, and pachyderms have their respective 

 countries clearly defined ; and that, if the horse and hog are now 

 in America, it is because they have been imported there by Euro- 

 peans. 



A very small number of ruminants inhabit the north of both 

 continents. It is generally agreed to regard the reindeer and the 

 caribou as only races of the same species ; Brandt, with some res- 

 ervations, says as much of the bison and the aurochs, the argali 

 and the big-horn. But none of these species are found in the 

 warm regions of these two quarters, or in all Oceania. 



The carnivorous order perhaps offers some similar facts to the 

 preceding. But when we come to the Cheiroptera and the Quad- 

 rumana, we do not find a single species common to both conti- 

 nents, or to the rest of the world. 



Thus there is not a cosmopolite, after the manner of man, 

 among all organized beings, whether plants or animals. Now, it is 



