AMERICAN INDUSTRIES SINCE COLUMBUS. 331 



the center of the furnace. The chimney (shown at the right of 

 the cut, broken in three places for convenience of illustration) is 

 usually from thirty to forty feet in height, provided with a damp- 

 er operated by a lever at its top, and its flue is usually eighteen 

 inches square. Fig. 25 is a section of the furnace (on line G, H, 

 Fig. 24), showing the form of its interior in 

 plan, and the relative position of " fire-grate, 

 "working-chamber," and " chimney-stack." In 

 mills driven by steam power it is not now un- 

 common to place a horizontal cylindrical flue- 

 boiler over each puddling and heating furnace, 

 and generate the steam required to run the mill 

 by passing the heat, that would otherwise go to 

 waste up the chimney, underneath the boiler, 

 and thence through the flues to the chimney- 

 stack. This construction was the invention of 

 the late John Griffen, who at the time of his 

 death (January 14, 1884) was General Superin- 

 tendent of the Phoenix Iron 

 Company at Phcenixville, Pa. 

 The idea of utilizing the waste 

 heat of puddling and heating 



Fig. 24. A Modern Puddling- Furnace. 



furnaces for the making of steam was, however, quite old at the 

 time he brought out his arrangement. 



When, in 1846, Mr. Griffen erected at Norristown, Pa., for 

 Messrs. Moore & Hooven, the first mill in which all the steam was 

 generated in boilers placed over the furnaces, the wise fools 

 were in strong force ; and Swank tells us that " Mr. Griffen met 

 with much opposition from observers while employed in construct- 

 ing the mill upon this plan, and many predictions were made 

 that the new arrangement would prove a failure. It was a great 



