35 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



Lapps. And it is to be observed that this type prevails increas- 

 ingly to the eastward, among the central Asiatic populations. 



The population of the British Islands, at the present time, 

 offers the two extremes of the tall blond and the short brunet 

 types. The tall blond long-heads resemble those of the continent ; 

 but our short brunet race is long-headed. Brunet broad-heads, 

 such as those met with in the central European highlands, do not 

 exist among us. This absence of any considerable number of 

 distinctly broad -headed people (say with the cephalic index above 

 81 or 82) in the modern population of the United Kingdom is the 

 more remarkable, since the investigations of the late Dr. Thur- 

 nam, and others, proved the existence of a large proportion of, 

 tall broad-heads among the people interred in British tumuli 

 of the Neolithic age. It would seem that these broad-skulled im- 

 migrants have been absorbed by an older long-skulled population ; 

 just as, in south Germany, the long-headed Alemanni have been 

 absorbed by the older broad-heads. The short brunet long-heads 

 are not peculiar to our islands. On the contrary, they abound in 

 western France and in Spain, while they predominate in Sardinia, 

 Corsica, and south Italy, and, it may be, occupied a much larger 

 area in ancient times. 



Thus, in the area which has been under consideration, there 

 are evidences of the existence of four races of men : (1) blond long- 

 heads of tall stature, (2) brunet broad-heads of short stature, (3) 

 Mongoloid brunet broad-heads of short stature, (4) brunet long- 

 heads of short stature. The regions in which these races appear 

 with least admixture are (1) Scandinavia, north Germany, and 

 parts of the British Islands ; (2) central France, the central Euro- 

 pean highlands, and Piedmont ; (3) arctic and eastern Europe, cen- 

 tral Asia; (4) the western parts of the British Islands and of 

 France ; Spain, south Italy. And the inhabitants of the regions 

 which lie between these foci present the intermediate gradations, 

 such as short blond long-heads, and tall brunet short-heads and 

 long-heads which might be expected to result from their inter- 

 mixture. The evidence at present extant is consistent with the 

 supposition that the blond long-heads, the brunet broad-heads, and 

 the brunet long-heads have existed in Europe throughout historic 

 times, and very far back into prehistoric times. There is no proof 

 of any migration of Asiatics into Europe, west of the basin of the 

 Dnieper, down to the time of Attila. On the contrary, the first great 

 movements of the European population of which there is any con- 

 clusive evidence is that series of Gaulish invasions of the east and 

 south, which ultimately extended from north Italy as far as Gala- 

 tia in Asia Minor. 



It is now time to consider the relations between the phenomena 

 of racial distribution, as thus defined, and those of the distribu- 



