THE ARYAN QUESTION AND PREHISTORIC MAN. 351 



tion of languages. The "blond long-heads of Europe speak, or have 

 spoken, Lithuanian, Teutonic, or Celtic dialects, and they are not 

 known to have ever used any but these Aryan languages. A large 

 proportion of the "brunet broad-heads once spoke the Ligurian and 

 the Rhsetic dialects, which are believed to have been non- Aryan. 

 But, when the Romans made acquaintance with Transalpine Gaul, 

 the inhabitants of that country between the Garonne and the 

 Seine (Caesar's Celtica) seem, at any rate for the most part, to 

 have spoken Celtic dialects. The brunet long-heads of Spain and 

 of France appear to have used a non- Aryan language, that Euska- 

 rian which still lives on the shores of the Bay of Biscay. In Brit- 

 ain there is no certain knowledge of their use of any but Celtic 

 tongues. What they spoke in the Mediterranean islands and in 

 south Italy does not appear. 



The blond broad-heads of Poland and west Russia form part of 

 a people who, when they first made their appearance in history, 

 occupied the marshy plains imperfectly drained by the Vistula on 

 the west, the Duna on the north, and the Dnieper and Bug on the 

 south. They were known to their neighbors as Wends, and among 

 themselves as Serbs and Slavs. The Slavonic languages spoken 

 by these people are said to be most closely allied to that of the 

 Lithuanians, who lay upon their northern border. The Slavs re- 

 semble the south Germans in the predominance of broad-heads 

 among them, while stature and complexion vary from the, often 

 tall, blonds who prevail in Poland and Great Russia to the, often 

 short, brunets common elsewhere. There is certainly nothing in 

 the history of the Slav people to interfere with the supposition 

 that, from very early times, they have been a mixed race. For 

 their country lies between that of the tall blond long-heads on the 

 north, that of the short brunet broad-heads of the European type 

 on the west, and that of the short brunet broad -heads of the Asi- 

 atic type on the east: and throughout their history they have 

 either thrust themselves among their neighbors, or have been 

 overrun and trampled down by them. Gauls and Goths have trav- 

 ersed their country, on their way to the east and south : Finno- 

 Tataric people, on their way to the west, have not only done the 

 like, but have held them in subjection for centuries. On the other 

 hand, there have been times when their western frontier advanced 

 beyond the Elbe ; indeed, it is asserted that they have sent colo- 

 nies to Holland and even as far as southern England. A large 

 part of eastern Germany ; Bohemia, Moravia, Hungary ; the lower 

 valley of the Danube and the Balkan Peninsula, have been largely 

 or completely Slavonized ; and the Slavonic rule and language, 

 which once had trouble to hold their own in west Russia and 

 Little Russia, have now extended their sway over all the Finno- 

 Tataric populations of Great Russia ; while they are advancing, 



