510 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



sequence, before Phoenician commerce had reached the remote 

 shores of the Tyrrhene Sea. 



Can it be safely concluded that the palseo-metallic culture 

 which we have been considering was the appanage of any one of 

 the western Eurasiatic races rather than another ? Did it arise 

 and develop among the brunet or the blond long-heads or among 

 the brunet short-heads ? I do not think there are any means of 

 answering these questions, positively, at present. Schrader has 

 pointed out that the state of culture of the primitive Aryans, de- 

 duced from philological data, closely corresponds with that which 

 obtained among the pile-dwellers in the neolithic stage. But the 

 resemblance of the early stages of civilization among the most 

 different and widely separated races of mankind should warn us 

 that archaeology is no more a sure guide in questions of race than 

 philology. . 



With respect to the osteological characters of the people of the 

 Swiss pile-dwellings information is as yet scanty. So far as the 

 present evidence goes, they appear to have comprised both broad- 

 heads and long-heads of moderate stature.* In France, Eng- 

 land, and Germany, both long and broad skulls are found in tu- 

 muli belonging to the neolithic stage. In some parts of England 

 the long skulls, and in others the broad skulls, accompany the 

 higher stature. In the Scandinavian Peninsula, nine tenths of the 

 neolithic people are decided long-heads ; in Denmark there is a 

 much larger proportion of broad-heads. 



In view of all the facts known to me (which can not be stated 

 in greater detail in this place), I am disposed to think that the 

 blond long-heads, the brunet long-heads, and the brunet broad- 

 heads have existed on the continent of Europe throughout the 

 Eecent period ; that only the former two at first inhabited our isl- 

 ands ; but that a mixed race of tall broad-heads, like some of the 

 Black-Foresters of the present day, so excellently described by 

 Ecker, migrated from the continent and formed that tall con- 

 tingent of the population which has been identified (rightly or 

 wrongly) with the Belgae by Thurnam, and which seems to have 

 subsequently lost itself among the predominant brunet and blond 

 long-heads. 



I do not think there is anything to warrant the conclusion that 

 the palseo-metallic culture of Europe took its origin among the 



* Prof. Virchow has guardedly expressed the opinion that the oldest inhabitants of the 

 Swiss pile-dwellings were broad-heads, and that later on (commencing before the bronze 

 stage) there was a gradual infusion of long-heads among them. (Zeitschrift fur Eth- 

 nologie, xvii, 1885.) There is independent evidence of the existence of broad-heads in the 

 Cevenncs during the neolithic period, and I should be disposed to think that this opinion 

 may well be correct ; but the examination of the evidence on which it is, at present, based 

 does not lead me to feel very confident about it. 



