528 



THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



9. Natural History. 10. Physics and Chemistry. 



Having taken this examination, and studied two semesters, the 

 student is admitted to the so-called natural science examination, 

 covering physics, chemistry, botany, and zoology, with compara- 

 tive anatomy. At the end of five semesters comes the examina- 

 tion in anatomy and physiology, partly written, partly oral. In 

 this the student must explain some anatomical preparation placed 

 "before him, answering questions on anatomy ; and must make 

 and explain some histological preparation. He must also prepare 

 a written thesis, within closed doors, upon some physiological sub- 

 ject. The proper oral examination covers anatomy, histology, 

 embryology, and physiology. 



Lastly comes the real doctor's examination, which is practical 

 "(including written) and oral. The practical embraces 



1. Pathological Anatomy. 2. Pathology and Therapeutics. 

 3. Surgery and Surgical Anatomy. 4. Obstetrics. 5. Ophthal- 

 mology. 6. Medicine and Hygiene. 



After all this comes the formal oral examination, covering 



1. General pathology and pathological anatomy. 2. Special 

 pathology and therapeutics, including children's diseases. 3. Sur- 

 gery. 4. Obstetrics, including women's diseases. 5. Hygiene. 6. 

 Medical jurisprudence. 7. Psychiatry. 8. Theory of medicine. 



Such are the examinations required by the Swiss Government 

 of all who practice medicine within its borders ; and no thought 

 is given by its universities as to whether the applicant for per- 

 mission to practice is a man or a woman. The person must only 

 be ready on application, and numbers of girls have justified this 

 confidence. Students of all lands may take the doctor's degree 

 from any department by passing successfully a final examination 

 prepared by the university faculty. All, on the other hand, may 

 be admitted to these other state examinations; and ambitious 

 ones are sometimes found, even among girls, who accept the 

 opportunity. 



Up to 1883 the whole number of students who had matricu- 

 lated in the University of Zurich was about 6,700, of whom 284 

 were women. One hundred and ninety-one of these women were 

 students of medicine, 91 of philosophy, and two of jurisprudence 

 According to nationality, they may be classified as follows : 



Thirty took the doctor's degree 23 in medicine, 3 in pure phi- 

 losophy, 4 in science, or philosophy of the second class, as it is 

 called. 



