552 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



the geographical and microscopical societies and societies of art, 

 and with writing articles on political and social economy for the 

 journal Rdforrne; in addition to which he projected a great work 

 on the Beginnings of Science. At the same time his health grew 

 worse, and in the fall of 1887, while his general appearance was 

 still not changed, he expressed to his friends the opinion that he 

 would hardly live through the winter. He was confined to his 

 bed in February, and died in July, 1888. He was buried, in ac- 

 cordance with his dying wish, in the most simple manner, in the 

 public ground, with no stone to mark his grave. Nevertheless, a 

 handsome monument, seven metres high, adorned on its four sides 

 with appropriate astronomical and meteorological emblems, has 

 been erected to him by the city of Mons, on one of its public 

 squares, near the railway station, and was unveiled on the 2d of 

 June, 1890, with addresses by the burgomaster of the city; M. 

 Folie, Director of the Observatory ; and M. Auguste Houzeau. 



Most of Houzeau's principal works have been mentioned in 

 the course of this sketch. His minor papers and special publica- 

 tions were very numerous, contributed to different societies and 

 journals, and touched, as M. Lancaster well says, on nearly every 

 branch of human activity. M. Lancaster's list gives eighty-six 

 titles, counting as one matter contributed to the New Orleans 

 Tribune enough to fill a dozen volumes. He was made a corre- 

 spondent in the Class of Science in the Belgian Academy in 1854, 

 and two years afterward a member of that body. He was a mem- 

 ber of several other societies in Belgium, Holland, Luxemburg, 

 London, and Vienna. 



Mr. "Wallace expresses the opinion, in his Darwinism, that animals are spared 

 the pain we suffer in the anticipation of death, and that their lives are, therefore, 

 lives of almost perpetual enjoyment ; even the watchfulness they have to keep up 

 against danger, and their flight from enemies, are, he believes, the pleasurable exer- 

 cise of the powers and faculties they possess. Dr. E. "W. Shufeldt, after many years 

 of incessant study of animated forms of high and low degrees in the systematic 

 scale, has come to very different conclusions from these. He believes that there 

 has been as much evolution of mind, or reasoning powers, in animals as of organic 

 structure; and that while the anticipation of death in the ordinary course has 

 very little to do with marring the pleasures of life among men or animals, the im- 

 mediate presence of death is awful to both. Instances are not wanting to prove 

 that most of the higher animals appreciate the difference between a living and a 

 dead body, and realize much of the suffering due to the fear of death as apart from 

 the physical pain that may accompany it. In the case of flight from an enemy, or 

 in the face of any other danger that may result in death, Dr. Shufeldt is convinced 

 that the animal pursued, be it man or some of the vertebrated forms in the scale 

 below him, experiences very much the same kind of sensations. Those who have 

 studied timid animals under such circumstances " know full well that their pleas- 

 ures in such flights are by no means unmixed ones, but are rather infused with a 

 very large share of pain, and pain of a very high order.'* 



