FROM FREEDOM TO BONDAGE. 733 



where needed, and the adjustment of them to the requisite times. 

 Then add the staffs wanted for working mines, railways, roads, 

 canals ; the staffs required for conducting the importing and ex- 

 porting businesses and the administration of mercantile shipping ; 

 the staffs required for supplying towns not only with water and 

 gas but with locomotion by tramways, omnibuses, and other 

 vehicles, and for the distribution of power, electric and other. 

 Join with these the existing postal, telegraphic, and telephonic 

 administrations; and finally those of the police and army, by 

 which the dictates of this immense consolidated regulative system 

 are to be everywhere enforced. Imagine all this and then ask 

 what will be the position of the actual workers ! Already on the 

 continent, where governmental organizations are more elaborate 

 and coercive than here, there are chronic complaints of the 

 tyranny of bureaucracies the hauteur and brutality of their 

 members. What will these become when not only the more 

 public actions of citizens are controlled, but there is added this 

 far more extensive control of all their respective daily duties ? 

 "What will happen when the various divisions of this vast army 

 of officials, united by interests common to officialism the inter- 

 ests of the regulators versus those of the regulated have at their 

 command whatever force is needful to suppress insubordination 

 and act as " saviors of society " ? "Where will be the actual 

 diggers and miners and smelters and weavers, when those who 

 order and superintend, everywhere arranged class above class, 

 have come, after some generations, to intermarry with those of 

 kindred grades, under feelings such as are operative in existing 

 classes ; and when there have been so produced a series of castes 

 rising in superiority ; and when all these, having everything in 

 their own power, have arranged modes of living for their own 

 advantage : eventually forming a new aristocracy far more elab- 

 orate and better organized than the old ? How will the indi- 

 vidual worker fare if he is dissatisfied with his treatment thinks 

 that he has not an adequate share of the products, or has more 

 to do than can rightly be demanded, or wishes to undertake 

 a function for which he feels himself fitted but which is not 

 thought proper for him by his superiors, or desires to make 

 an independent career for himself ? This dissatisfied unit 

 in the immense machine will be told he must submit or 

 go. The mildest penalty for disobedience will be industrial ex- 

 communication. And if an international organization of labor 

 is formed as proposed, exclusion in one country will mean 

 exclusion in all others industrial excommunication will mean 

 starvation. 



That things must take this course is a conclusion reached not 

 by deduction only, nor only by induction from those experiences 



