TRAINING FOR CHARACTER, 755 



sweepers in charge of districts, should be selected solely because 

 of their fitness for their respective duties, and should not be re- 

 moved except for good and sufficient cause. The methods of the 

 successful merchant, banker, and manufacturer, especially in re- 

 spect to all employe's, are necessary to the economical and satis- 

 factory conduct of any public business ; and whoever attempts to 

 clean the streets of New York by any other theory or practice is 

 certain to add another to the many notable failures of the past 

 twenty-five years. 



It is believed that with the adoption of the measures and 

 methods above indicated, and strict adherence to the same, with 

 fair executive business ability at the head of the Department of 

 Street-cleaning, the streets of New York can be made as clean as 

 those of London, Paris, or Berlin. From the city statistics it 

 appears that the expense of cleaning the streets and removing 

 the ashes and garbage of the city has increased more rapidly than 

 the population, and that the expense was considerably less com- 

 paratively while the business was conducted by the Police Depart- 

 ment than at any time since. As there has been no appreciable 

 improvement in the condition of the streets in respect to clean- 

 liness, it may fairly be concluded that the increased appropria- 

 tions have not produced correspondingly improved results. It is 

 also a reasonable conclusion that, with the exercise and use of 

 business and common-sense methods, the entire cost of keeping 

 the streets of New York clean, and carefully and satisfactorily 

 disposing of its ashes and garbage, should not for a long period 

 exceed the average appropriation of the last five years. 







TRAINING FOR CHARACTER. 



By Pbof. HENRI MAEION. 



I PURPOSE to study now the movements of the child at the 

 earliest age, and on the present occasion, particularly, the 

 appearance and first steps of the growth of the will. In previous 

 lectures we have witnessed the awakening of emotions in the 

 child.* We have seen its perceptive faculties developing, new 



* This lecture is a part of M. Marion's course on the science of education, delivered at 

 the Literary Faculty of Paris. The lecturer's special subject in 1889 was the psychology 

 of the child, and the present lecture was the tenth of the year. ITaving in previous years 

 treated of education in general, its objects and means, of the great biological, psychologi- 

 cal, and moral laws which rule in it, and of the great departments comprehended in it, M. 

 Marion finally comes to the connected subject of the psychical development of the child, 

 attending first to the description of it as it takes place in fact and spontaneously, but 

 pointing out, as he goes, what it ought to be, how it should be directed, and how it is often 

 disturbed. 



