DR. HENRY T. SCHLIEMANN. 803 



place in a year. The old Missourian settlers are slow to sell or 

 change, but equally slow to improve. New England settlers never 

 sell, but extend their acres if a chance offers. The Western " hus- 

 tlers," and men from the cities, are the ones that lay out new towns 

 and colonies where immigrants can buy ten or twenty acre tracts. 

 Instead of California being a land of rapid changes in land-owner- 

 ship, it is, on the whole, very conservative in this respect. The 

 large ranches are for sale, but the homesteads are not. 



The middle classes of California will always draw their living 

 from the soil. Mining and lumbering require more capital, and 

 manufacturing will not develop to any great extent for many 

 years to come. The products of which the State appears to have 

 a natural monopoly promise to support a dense population, spread 

 over the country in colonies, on small farms, and in loosely built 

 towns. No other part of the United States is developing under 

 similar conditions, and hence the economic history of California 

 has the importance of a new experiment. Wages still high, a 

 generous scale of living, few manufactures, industries largely 

 horticultural, tendencies which rapidly change the better classes 

 of workmen into small land-owners such are the conditions. 

 What sort of a community will the California of the twentieth 

 century be ? 







Dr. HENRY T. SCHLIEMANN. 



DR. HEINRICH T. SCHLIEMANN, the enthusiastic excava- 

 tor of the most ancient Grecian cities, died in Naples, Italy, 

 December 26, 1890. He was born January 6, 1822, at Neu Buckow, 

 Mecklenburg-Schwerin, where his father was a Protestant clergy- 

 man, poor, but interested in ancient history, and particularly in 

 the excavations at Herculaneum and Pompeii, which were then 

 fresh. Acquiring some taste in these matters and a little knowl- 

 edge of Latin from his father, young Schliemann's interest in 

 Troy was aroused when he was seven years old by the sight of a 

 sensational picture, in Dr. Georg Ludwig Jerrer's Universal His- 

 tory, of the burning of that city. The book, according to Dr. 

 Irving J. Manatt, in the Independent, is still treasured in Schlie- 

 mann's library at Athens, and in it, the writer adds, "he has 

 pointed out to me the rude picture of Troy in flames, the sight of 

 which first lodged the seed-thought in his soul." He decided at 

 once that the foundations of such a city must still exist, " covered 

 up by the dust of ages," and determined to make their discovery 

 the purpose of his life. To this determination he adhered through 

 all the vicissitudes of a precarious career. After some four years 

 at the Gymnasium and the Realschule, he was apprenticed in 1836 



